Grinding is a manufacturing process which significantly contributes in producing high precision and durable components required in numerous applications such as aerospace, defence and automobiles. This review article is focused to uncover history, witness the present and predict the future of the grinding process. While going through the literature, it has been observed that minimal work has been done in explaining the history, present status and future scopes of the grinding process. In this era of information and environmental awareness, sustainability aspects have become a primary concern of almost every research field. In the grinding process too, the research work includes ecological elements such as reducing the consumption of cutting fluids through minimum quantity lubrication, utilizing cryogenics, hybrid lubrication and cooling techniques that are still required to be explored critically. Further, some significant findings of the prevailing research in grinding include modification in grinding wheel surface, merging different grinding principles such as usages of the textured grinding wheel, ultrasonic grinding, 3D printing of grinding wheel and artificial intelligence in grinding are also presented. Another unascertained problem is the management of grinding swarf, which is being attended to by recycling it to fabricate composites which is expected to be another prominent domain of research. Further, the advancements taking place exhibit the potential of the grinding process, suggesting that its future is bright and ever-growing.
Surface integrity is an important term that describes the surface behaviour of a ground component. Grinding is defined as a finishing operation that has high specific energy consumption. High heat generation while grinding, adversely affects the surface integrity of the ground surfaces. With the development of advanced materials such as superalloys, this process is widely used in bulk machining for making critical components used in dynamic loading. Therefore, it becomes necessary to investigate the surface integrity of the ground components, as their surface integrity primarily determines their performance and durability. The purpose of this work is to enhance the grinding performance of Inconel 718, a difficult-to-grind material, by employing silver and zinc oxide (ZnO)-based ecological nanofluids in a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) mode. The grinding parameters such as wheel speed and table speed are kept constant with variations in the grinding infeed. The grinding performance in terms of grinding forces, apparent coefficient of friction, surface roughness and residual stresses on the ground surfaces have been investigated. Skewness, kurtosis and the Abbott–Firestone curve have also been analysed using two-dimensional and three-dimensional plots for an in-depth study of ground surface behaviour. The finding suggests that ZnO-based nanofluid outclass the silver-based nanofluid using MQL mode in terms of reduced grinding forces and favourable residual stress. Therefore, it appears as the potential grinding environment for the improved grinding performance of Inconel 718.
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