Cysticercosis is a common tropical disease. One of the uncommon manifestations and a rare complication is its disseminated form (DCC). Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the common parasitic disease of the central nervous system. Human cysticercosis is caused by the dissemination of the embryo of Taenia solium in the intestine via the hepatoportal system to the tissues and organs of the body. The organs most commonly affected are the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles, lungs, brain, eyes, liver, and occasionally the heart, thyroid, and pancreas. Widespread dissemination of the cysticerci can result in the involvement of almost any organ in the body. We report here a case of a 36-year-old-male with disseminated cysticercosis. He visited our hospital with symptoms of multiple palpable nodules, dementia, and confusion. After the investigations he was diagnosed with disseminated cysticercosis involving the brain, subcutaneous tissues all over the body, and the skeletal muscles. The patient was initially treated with Albendazole in a private hospital, but there was no response. Then he was treated with Praziquantel and steroids.
Carcinoma en cuirasse is a form of cutaneous metastasis. Although this condition is rare, it is most commonly associated with breast carcinoma with local recurrence after mastectomy. Cutaneous metastasis presents most commonly a few months or years after the primary has been diagnosed. Less frequently a metastasis is diagnosed at the same time as the primary tumor or presents as the first manifestation of the disease. We report a case of carcinoma en cuirasse in a 50-year-old female who presented with elevated, finely nodular, indurated skin lesions on left anterior chest wall, axillary region and keloid - like patch on left upper arm. On further examination a breast mass was detected. Fine needle aspiration of all the lesions was performed. Cytodiagnosis was given as infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast with metastatic carcinoma involving left anterior chest wall, axilla and left upper arm. We should not disregard keloid-like or indurated patches on skin which should be investigated thoroughly.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a compensatory mechanism that occurs when the marrow is unable to maintain sufficient red cell mass. EMH generally occurs in the patients with deficient bone marrow hematopoiesis secondary to either peripheral red cell destruction or marrow replacement. Although EMH is known to occur in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis, chronic myelogenous leukemia, thalassemia, and infiltrative disorders, such as lymphomas, it is rare in acute leukemias. EMH is most commonly seen in the liver and spleen as a diffuse lesion. The involvement of lymph nodes in leukemia and EMH is known; however, to the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of both in the same lymph node has been reported in a single case report. Our case may be the second most rare case of coexistence of infiltration by leukemic lymphoblasts and EMH in the same lymph node detected on FNAC. EMH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with bone marrow disorders and mass lesions in extramedullary sites.
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