Paclobutrazol application in mango tree floral induction is followed by changes in the hormonal balance and carbohydrates production. This study aimed at evaluating the physiological and biochemical variables of mango tree (Palmer cultivar) by applying paclobutrazol doses via irrigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five paclobutrazol doses (0.7 g, 1.0 g, 1.3 g, 1.6 g and 1.9 g of a.i. per linear meter of canopy) and one additional treatment, with one dose in the conventional form of application (1.9 g of a.i. per linear meter of canopy), and four replicates. The variables analyzed were: photosynthesis rate; stomatal conductance; transpiration; leaf temperature; CO2 ratio; total protein content; reducing, non-reducing and total soluble sugars in leaf tissue and fruit; and nitrate reductase enzyme. The lowest values for photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance were obtained with paclobutrazol applied via irrigation. The highest values for gas exchange were obtained with the lowest paclobutrazol doses applied via irrigation, showing that this kind of application is efficient and that it is possible to reduce the application dose via irrigation system. The highest carbohydrate contents in the leaf tissue were observed for the doses of 1.06 g and 1.09 g of a.i. per linear meter of canopy, applied via irrigation. The carbohydrate contents in fruits decreased in response to the paclobutrazol dose. The application methods and doses applied via irrigation did not influence the nitrate reductase activity.

-Our study was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Technology and Social Sciences (DTCS) of the State University of Bahia -UNEB, Juazeiro-BA. The experimental design was comprised of randomized blocks, sub-subdivided in plots, with four replicates comprising the plots of three different shading methods, gray shading screen (GS), red shading screen (RS), and blue shading screen (BS), and the control treatment with no shading. The subplots comprised three mini-tomato cultivars ("Sweet Million", "Red Sugar", and "Shani"), and sub-subplots consisted of seven sampling times. The traits evaluated were: dry matter accumulation in leaves, stems, roots, and fruits, total dry matter, shoot length, root length, total number of fruits, and overall yield. The results of the growth analysis showed that dry matter accumulation in organs of mini tomatoes was similar in all treatments and that the highest total dry matter accumulation occurred under RS. In all treatments, fruit was the preferential drainage; however, the cultivar "Red Sugar" showed higher dry matter accumulation in other plant organs. "Red Sugar" also showed the highest number of fruits per plant; however, when we evaluated total productivity, "Sweet Million" and "Shani" showed similar, higher values than "Red Sugar".Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum. Shading screens. Growth analysis. Red Sugar. Sweet Million. Shani. IMPACTO DOS DIFERENTES AMBIENTES DE SOMBREAMENTO NO CRESCIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DE TRÊS CULTIVARES DE MINITOMATESRESUMO -O trabalho foi conduzido no campo experimental do Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais (DTCS), Campus III, da Universidade do Estado da Bahia -UNEB, Juazeiro-BA. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições, as parcelas compostas de três ambientes sombreados, tela de sombreamento cinza, tela de sombreamento vermelha, e tela de sombreamento azul, mais o tratamento controle, sem sombreamento, as subparcelas formadas por três cultivares de minitomates ("Sweet Million", "Red Sugar", e "Shani") e as sub-subparcelas constituída de sete épocas de amostragens das plantas. As características avaliadas foram: acúmulo de massa seca nas folhas; no caule; nas raízes; nos frutos e total, além do comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, o número total de frutos e produtividade. Os resultados de análise de crescimento apresentaram acúmulo de massa seca nos diferentes órgãos das plantas de minitomates, para todos os tipos de ambientes e que o maior acúmulo de massa seca total ocorreu no ambiente com tela vermelha. Em todos os ambientes analisados, o dreno preferencial da planta foi o fruto, contudo, a cultivar Red Sugar acumulou maior massa seca nos outros órgãos da planta em comparação com as demais cultivares. A cultivar Red Sugar obteve a maior quantidade de frutos por planta, entretanto, quando avaliou-se a produtividade total, as cultivares Sweet Million e Shani não diferiram entre si, sendo, superiores aos valores obtidos para a cultiva...

respectively, distributed in 4 plots, considering five plants per replicate. Our results show that pruning seasons significantly affected sprouting percentage. However, the difference in bud load influenced this variable, with higher values in the pruning at 14 buds in both seasons. According to the results, the selection of pruning system according to bud load and to genetic features of the cultivar, and their interaction with the environment, produced higher yields in pruning with 10 buds, without negatively affecting grape quality.

The application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) by irrigation system to induce the flowering of mango may be an economically and environmentally more efficient practice. The objective of this work is to determine the most efficient dose of PBZ to be applied by irrigation system to manage the production and quality of fruits of the mango cultivar ‘Tommy Atkins’ in the middle region of the São Francisco Valley. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five paclobutrazol doses applied by irrigation system (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g a.i.-1, linear canopy) and an additional treatment (control) with the application of a dose using the conventional form (2.0 g a.i.-1 linear canopy applied manually by haul), and four replications. The variables analyzed were number of panicles, panicle length, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, production per plant, economic viability, and qualitative characteristics of fruits. The application of paclobutrazol by irrigation system is more efficient than the conventional application, in which the dose 1.4 g a.i.-1 linear canopy provided a greater number of fruits and a greater production per plant. The highest content of total soluble solids in fruits was obtained at the dose 1.3 g a.i.-1 linear canopy, and acidity decreased as the applied dose of PBZ increased. Regarding the economic analysis, the results show that the application of PBZ by irrigation system increases the revenue by R$ 5,328.00 per hectare in comparison with the conventional application.

O paclobutrazol tem sido amplamente utilizado para estimular o florescimento da mangueira, regulando o crescimento vegetativo, promovendo alterações na atividade fotossintética e na produção de fotoassimilados. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de formas e doses de PBZ sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e fisiológicas da mangueira cultivar Tommy Atkins no semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 +1, sendo o primeiro fator, doses de paclobutrazol aplicadas via sistema de irrigação (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 g i.a.m-1 linear de copa), o segundo duas fases de coleta (vegetativa e floração) e um tratamento adicional (controle), com a aplicação de uma dose na forma convencional (2,0 g.i.a.m-1 linear de copa aplicada manualmente a lanço), com quatro repetições.  As variáveis analisadas foram os teores de açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, açúcares não redutores, aminoácidos totais, proteínas solúveis totais, fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática, transpiração e temperatura foliar. A aplicação do PBZ via fertirrigação mostrou-se mais eficiente do que a aplicação convencional, possibilitando uma maior assimilação do produto pela planta e permitindo a redução da dose. A maioria das características bioquímicas, obtiveram os maiores valores com a aplicação de menores doses de paclobutrazol. O aumento das doses de paclobutrazol aplicadas via sistema de irrigação reduziram as trocas gasosas na mangueira cultivar Tommy Atkins.

Shading screens are widely used to control excessive solar radiation, thereby changing plant growth. Thus, through physiological indices the objective was to evaluate the growth of three cultivars of minitomatoes under colored meshes. The experiment was conducted from April to July in the DTCS / UNEB experimental field in experiment DBC with subdivided plots, and four replicates, comprised of three shaded environments and the control treatment, three cultivars, and seven plant sampling seasons. For growth analysis, we used the destructive method, total dry matter was determined after drying it in an oven at 65°C. The total leaf area (LAI) was obtained using the software QUANT. Results showed that there was no interaction between environments and the other factors. Regarding leaf area index, cvs. Shani and Sweet Million stood out in all environments, whereas cv. Red Sugar had a similar behavior in all environments. Shani obtained the best indices in open sun environment and in the environment covered with red shading screen, and Sweet Million obtained the best index under gray shading screen. Red Sugar had the lowest LAI, and consequently, the lowest SLA and LAR. On the other hand, it showed the highest RPF, since it obtained the highest dry matter in leaves compared to the other cultivars. Cvs. Shani and Sweet Million showed the best: TAL, TCR, TCA and TCC.

Application of the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ) to aid mango floral induction has been widely performed by mango producers. However, its application has been done manually, resulting in low uniformity of application and losses with labor. The objective of this study was to adjust the PBZ dose to be applied via micro-sprinkler system for floral induction, indicating an efficient management of ‘Palmer’ mango in the Brazilian semiarid. The experiment was conducted at Saúde Farm, located in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with five doses of PBZ, applied via irrigation system (T1 - 0.56; T2 - 1.12; T3 -1.68; T4 - 2.24; and T5 - 2.80 g a.i. linear m-1 canopy) and a conventionally applied dose (T0 - 2.80 g a.i. linear m-1 of canopy, manually applied broadcast), with four replicates. The variables analyzed were: photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf temperature, number and length of panicles, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, yield, pulp firmness, titratable acidity and total soluble solids in the fruits. At the conventionally applied dose (2.8 g a.i. linear m-1 of canopy), PBZ application via micro-sprinkler irrigation system proved to be the most efficient way to reduce photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration. PBZ applied via micro-sprinkler irrigation system at a dose of 0.56 g a.i. linear m-1 of canopy promotes greater number of panicles and yield in ‘Palmer’ mango.

Cacao is native to the Amazon rainforest and has adapted well to the climate and soils of southern Bahia. The potential expansion of cacao farming to non-traditional areas could generate foreign exchange for the country by reducing imports or even allowing the country to return to the role of cocoa bean exporter. It is known that nitrogen fertilization is essential for cacao cultivation, due to its high demand for this nutrient. Accordingly, the influence of fertilization of two nitrogen sources (urea and calcium nitrate), on total soluble protein (PTN), total soluble sugars (AST), reducing sugars (RA), sucrose, Nitrate Reductase enzyme (NR) activity and chlorophyll indexes of cloned cacao in the Lower São Francisco Valley were investigated. The experimental format was a randomized complete block design, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, the first factor being five cacao clones (PH-16, CCN-51, PS-1319, CCN-10 and TSH-1188), and the second factor, two sources of nitrogen (calcium nitrate and urea), with three replicates. The different nitrogen sources presented different behavior in relation to the physiological characteristics of the clones evaluated. Regardless of the nitrogen source, the nitrate reductase enzyme showed greater levels of translation activity in cacao leaf than in root tissue.