Utilisation of high carbon alcohols in diesel engines as fuel is gaining importance among researchers because of its better fuel properties that are compatible with mineral diesel. The present study utilises two such alcohols namely octanol and decanol along with diesel and biodiesel derived from lemongrass. Two ternary blends, 50% by volume of diesel – 30% by volume of biodiesel – 20% by volume of octanol, and 50% by volume of diesel – 30% by volume of biodiesel – 20% by volume of decanol, were prepared, and different engine characteristics were analysed and compared with both neat diesel and biodiesel operation. Results indicated that peak cylinder pressure lowered with the ternary blend. Peak heat release rate was higher for octanol blend. When compared with octanol blend, 2.5% higher brake thermal efficiency was observed for decanol blend. However, still, the brake thermal efficiency was 3.5% lower than the diesel operation. The oxides of nitrogen emission for decanol blend were 4% lower than octanol blend. In general, smoke emission was lower for higher alcohol blends in comparison with the binary blend operation. Among the higher alcohol blends, octanol portrayed a 15% lower smoke opacity. Both the hydrocarbon emission and the carbon monoxide emission increased with higher alcohol blends. The study revealed that 1-decanol could be a potential fuel candidate for diesel engines operating with biomass-derived lemongrass oil biodiesel.

Energy is vital to the profitable growth of every nation and to stimulate new research. Only natural resources can meet the growing energy demand in recent years, biodiesel has become very interested in the energy as well as environmental advantages that it can be combined with mineral diesel fuel in any quantity. The research focuses on the study of the replacement of diesel with a safflower methyl ester. The engine tests shall be performed using the safflower methyl ester as fuel in the DI diesel engine. The combustion, emission and performance characteristics were studied using alternative fuels and mixtures. SAfflower Methyl Ester 80% (SAME80) and SAME100 have high heat release rates. Nitrogen oxides were higher by about 50%, carbon monoxide decreased by 10%, unburnt hydrocarbon was slightly higher and the thermal efficiency was higher for the SAME than for diesel fuel.

Micro hole is the fundamental feature found in any device/components. Hence this paper aims to produces the micro holes using electrochemical micromachining (EMM). The existing machining techniques in EMM for creating micro holes are associated with more overcut (OC). Hence, it is very essential to reduce OC and enhance the machining rate (MR). This paper aspires to investigate the effect of graphite electrode with magnetic force on copper plate. Four different tools namely electromagnetic graphite tool (EMGT), permanent magnet graphite tool (PMGT), graphite tool and stainless steel (SS) tool are employed for these experiments. The major influencing factors are machining voltage in volts, duty cycle in % and electrolyte concentration in g/l was considered on MR and OC. The results exposed that EMGT, PMGT and graphite electrodes produce MR of 106.4%, 74.6 % and 44.5 % over SS tool at parameter level of 23 g/l, 15 V, and 85% respectively. Graphite and EMGT electrode resulting in 11.9% and 3.41 % reduced OC respectively than SS tool at parameter level of 8V, 95% and 28 g/l. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture examination is conducted to identify the magnetic field effect on the work surface.

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a nontraditional technique for application of metal matrix composites in aerospace, military, and other engineering uses. ECM factors such as voltage, electrolyte concentration, duty cycle, and electrolyte temperature are varied to evaluate the machining rate. radial overcut, and delamination factor on scrapped alloy wheel MMC. The entropy-based weight assessment method coupled with gray relational analysis is used to perform multi objective optimization. As per the entropy method the weight assigned to MR, ROC and DF is 0.3105, 0.3432 and 0.3463, respectively. The gray relational grade predicts that 8 V, 20 g/lit, 50% and 40°C is the optimal setting for higher machining rate and lower radial overcut and delamination factor.