The objective of the present work was to evaluate the accuracy of the fitted Gompertz and von Bertalanffy models for male and female Guzerá cattle, respectively. Four production regions in Northeast Brazil were included in the models as a fixed effect, and the animals were included as a random effect. In addition, the coefficients of the growth models in the production regions were compared. The accuracy of the fit equations was assessed with the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, mean absolute deviation, mean squared error, and coefficient of determination. Confidence intervals were used for comparing the production regions. The Guzerá males in the Gado-Algodão and Serra Geral da Bahia production regions were statistically equal in asymptotic weight, and the animals in the Itapetinga-Valadares and Mata-Agreste regions had equivalent maturity rates. The Guzerá females in the Itapetinga-Valadares and Serra Geral da Bahia regions had the same asymptotic weight. The maturity rates in Itapetinga-Valadares were equal to those estimated for Mata-Agreste and Serra Geral da Bahia. The inclusion of the fixed effect of the production region and the random effect of the animals in the models improved the fit quality and increased the possibility of generating growth curves for each region.
As plantas espontâneas, também conhecidas como plantas daninhas ou invasoras, são vegetais pertencentes a vários grupos taxonômicos, que apresentam em comum à capacidade de crescerem em diversos ambientes sem serem cultivadas. Nas áreas de pastagens, a infestação por plantas espontâneas, além de reduzir a produtividade, pode também interferir na saúde dos animais, por estas apresentarem estruturas como espinhos e ramos capazes de causar danos físicos, e até conter substâncias capazes de provocar intoxicações. Tendo em vista que a região amazônica possui uma diversificada e pouco estudada flora, este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o levantamento e o mapeamento das espécies de plantas espontâneas ocorrentes em três áreas de pastagens (denominadas áreas 1, 2 e 3) localizadas no Campus de Belém da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), considerando que para o manejo adequado destas, é primordial a sua identificação precisa. Através deste estudo foram identificadas 20 espécies, distribuídas em 10 famílias; sendo a família Cyperaceae Juss. a mais predominante, com 52,33% dos indivíduos coletados; as espécies Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk. e Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. apresentaram os maiores valores de IVI nas 3 áreas trabalhadas, sendo que a pastagem 1 apresentou maior grau de infestação por espécies espontâneas (Nti=349 indivíduos) dentre as 3 áreas. Os dados obtidos são relevantes para avaliação do atual estado das pastagens, bem como fornecem dados que podem auxiliar no manejo das plantas espontâneas presentes nas áreas.
KEYWORDS Bioindicators Invasive plants Microbial respiration rate Metabolic quotient PALAVRAS-CHAVE Bioindicadores Plantas invasoras Taxa de respiração microbiana Quociente metabólico ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different glyphosate-based herbicide formulations on microbial activity of soils from Carajás National Forest. We tested three formulations of glyphosate, i.e., Roundup Original , Roundup Ultra and Roundup WG that were applied in five doses: 0; 240; 480; 720 and 1440 g of active ingredient in acid equivalent ha -1 , with four replications. Herbicides were sprayed on pots containing 500 g of soil derived from the 0-10 cm layer of the study site. We determined the carbon from microbial biomass (C-MB), microbial respiration rate (MR) and metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) at one and 28 days after herbicide application. No treatment affected the C-MB and MR at one and 28 days of incubation. There was no difference for qCO 2 at any dose of Roundup Ultra and WG formulations at one and 28 days of incubation. However, the qCO 2 was inhibited by the Roundup Original at one day post treatment. This parameter was normalized at 28 days after herbicide application. The data indicate that no one of the treatments tested cause significant impact on soil microorganisms of the Carajás National Forest, suggesting that herbicide-based invasive weed control could be used. RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o impacto de diferentes formulações de herbicidas à base de glyphosate na atividade microbiana de solo da Floresta Nacional de Carajás. Foram testadas três formulações comerciais de glyphosate (Roundup Original
ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physiological changes in paricá plants (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) intoxicated by glyphosate. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment using paricá plants during their planting stage, which were intoxicated with increasing doses of glyphosate: 0 (control); 43.2; 86.2; 129.6 and 172.8 g . ha -1 . At 7 and 21 days after the application of the herbicide, the photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf temperature were measured. The visual intoxication degree and the growth of the shoot and the root of the plants were evaluated 21 days after the application. Paricá shows symptoms of visual intoxication characterized by chlorosis/winding, evolving to necrosis/abscission of the youngest leaflets. The growth of the stem and the roots of the intoxicated plants is preserved; however, an expressive leaf loss occurs, and paricá may have adaptation mechanisms to tolerate the action of the herbicide molecule. The photosynthesis decrease promoted by an indirect action of glyphosate represents the main reduction on the growth of plants. The decrease on the stomatal conductance, which was the most sensitive physiological variable to glyphosate, resulted in lower transpiration rates, which, consequently, caused increases on the leaf temperature. MODIFICAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS E FISIOLÓGICAS EM PLANTAS DE Schizolobium parahyba VAR. amazonicum (HUBER EX DUCKE) BARNEBY INTOXICADAS POR GLYPHOSATERESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar as variações morfofisiológicas em plantas de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) intoxicadas por glyphosate. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido utilizando plantas de paricá em idade de plantio, as quais foram intoxicadas com doses crescentes de glyphosate: 0 (testemunha); 43,2; 86,2; 129,6 e 172,8 g . ha -1 . Aos 7 e 21 dias após a aplicação do herbicida, foram realizadas medições da fotossíntese líquida, transpiração, condutância estomática e temperatura da folha. O grau de intoxicação visual e crescimento da parte aérea e da raiz das plantas foram avaliados aos 21 dias após a aplicação. O paricá manifesta sintomas de intoxicação visual caracterizados por clorose/enrolamento e evolução para necrose/abscisão dos foliolulos mais novos. O crescimento do caule e da raiz das plantas intoxicadas é conservado, contudo, há expressiva perda foliar, podendo o paricá possuir mecanismos de adaptação para tolerar a ação da molécula do herbicida. O decréscimo promovido na fotossíntese por ação indireta do glyphosate representa a principal causa da redução no crescimento das plantas. O decréscimo na condutância estomática, a qual demonstrou ser a variável fisiológica mais sensível ao glyphosate, resultou em menores taxas de transpiração, que, consequentemente, ocasionou elevações na temperatura da folha.
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