MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ON Schizolobium parahyba VAR. Amazonicum (HUBER EX DUCKE) BARNEBY PLANTS INTOXICATED BY GLYPHOSATE

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physiological changes in paricá plants (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) intoxicated by glyphosate. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment using paricá plants during their planting stage, which were intoxicated with increasing doses of glyphosate: 0 (control); 43.2; 86.2; 129.6 and 172.8 g . ha -1 . At 7 and 21 days after the application of the herbicide, the photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf temperature were measured. The visual intoxication degree and the growth of the shoot and the root of the plants were evaluated 21 days after the application. Paricá shows symptoms of visual intoxication characterized by chlorosis/winding, evolving to necrosis/abscission of the youngest leaflets. The growth of the stem and the roots of the intoxicated plants is preserved; however, an expressive leaf loss occurs, and paricá may have adaptation mechanisms to tolerate the action of the herbicide molecule. The photosynthesis decrease promoted by an indirect action of glyphosate represents the main reduction on the growth of plants. The decrease on the stomatal conductance, which was the most sensitive physiological variable to glyphosate, resulted in lower transpiration rates, which, consequently, caused increases on the leaf temperature. MODIFICAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS E FISIOLÓGICAS EM PLANTAS DE Schizolobium parahyba VAR. amazonicum (HUBER EX DUCKE) BARNEBY INTOXICADAS POR GLYPHOSATERESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar as variações morfofisiológicas em plantas de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) intoxicadas por glyphosate. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido utilizando plantas de paricá em idade de plantio, as quais foram intoxicadas com doses crescentes de glyphosate: 0 (testemunha); 43,2; 86,2; 129,6 e 172,8 g . ha -1 . Aos 7 e 21 dias após a aplicação do herbicida, foram realizadas medições da fotossíntese líquida, transpiração, condutância estomática e temperatura da folha. O grau de intoxicação visual e crescimento da parte aérea e da raiz das plantas foram avaliados aos 21 dias após a aplicação. O paricá manifesta sintomas de intoxicação visual caracterizados por clorose/enrolamento e evolução para necrose/abscisão dos foliolulos mais novos. O crescimento do caule e da raiz das plantas intoxicadas é conservado, contudo, há expressiva perda foliar, podendo o paricá possuir mecanismos de adaptação para tolerar a ação da molécula do herbicida. O decréscimo promovido na fotossíntese por ação indireta do glyphosate representa a principal causa da redução no crescimento das plantas. O decréscimo na condutância estomática, a qual demonstrou ser a variável fisiológica mais sensível ao glyphosate, resultou em menores taxas de transpiração, que, consequentemente, ocasionou elevações na temperatura da folha.

The effect of silicon (Si) on the growth and nutritional status of Schizolobium amazonicum seedlings subjected to zinc toxicity

“…Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke is an Amazonnative plant species known as paricá (Gomes et al, 2019). The species is widely used in reforestation processes and its cultivation area covers 90,000 hectares throughout Brazil (Pereira et al, 2017). The interest in this plant comes from its rapid growth (yield = 38 m 3 ha -1 year -1 ), ability to adapt to different edaphoclimatic conditions, as well as from its use as raw material for laminate and plywood production purposes (Ohashi et al, 2010).…”