Viral encephalitis by definition is the result of human virus affecting the brain and sparing the meninges. The other nervous system manifestations are meningitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and encephalomyeloradiculitis. Encephalitis can involve any age group from children to old people. The severity of the disease depends on the viral agent and the host immune system. The patient can present with fever, headache, seizure, neurological deficit, or altered sensorium. Laboratory investigations, imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are crucial in the diagnosis of encephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings may be nonspecific or specific and plays a major role in the diagnosis of encephalitis and predicting the possible cause. This pictorial essay reviews the MRI findings of common types of viral encephalitis.

Organizations moving towards adopting sustainable business development has become a necessity. As more and more stakeholders increasingly show interest in pollution and environmental degradation and the major impacts on the economic activities of organizations, it has become a necessity for organizations to move towards adopting sustainable business development. To achieve this goal, organizations need to invest in green innovations (GIs). Therefore, this paper examines the important influence of internal and external stakeholders on organizations that choose to pursue sustainable development with the help of implementing green innovations. It has certain theoretical and practical implications, but the following problems exist: (a) the usage of energy has increased in recent years and further creates a warning sign that precautionary measures need to be taken soon, and if not, the situation will impact the environment and organizations’ sustainable performance; (b) stakeholders’ raise concerns about pollution and environmental deterioration and urge industrialists to incorporate green innovation into all aspects of production and processes. A positivist research paradigm is applied, and the hypotheses will be tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This study analyzes how green innovation interacts with the linkage between stakeholders and organizational sustainable performance. The contribution hopes to benefit the growth of the economy, promote a cleaner environment, and enhance the wellbeing of the country. This study will further help to enlighten the importance of embracing green innovation in industries to policy makers and manufacturers, which is currently lacking. This initiative is in line with Malaysia’s 12th plan, which aims to promote green innovation to boost the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and push the country above the high-income barrier.

The term halal cosmetics are getting popular around the world not only to women but also to man regardless of race. In buying cosmetics, consumers are not only concerned about the price and quality, but also on ingredients used in their cosmetics products. In view of that, this study aims to examine the factors that affect the purchase intention of Malaysian consumers in the context of halal cosmetics products. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 Muslim and non-Muslim consumers in Klang Valley using a convenience sampling technique. A Pearson correlation test was carried, and the results showed a significant relationship between consumers’ awareness and intention to purchase halal cosmetics. Furthermore, the ANOVA-test showed that there is a significant difference among race and intention to purchase halal cosmetics. This study will provide the cosmetics industry with a greater knowledge of the consumer’s behaviour towards halal cosmetics. Thus, this will share knowledge of these industries to produce halal cosmetics products which meet the consumers’ expectation. Furthermore, this study will strategies their marketing activities which can increase their profit and contribute to corporate social responsibility.

Background: COVID-19 has caused significant disruptions in supply chains. It has increased the demand for products and decreased the supply of raw materials. This has interrupted many production processes. The emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 have the potential to streamline supply chains by improving time-sensitive customized solutions during this emergency. Purpose: This research examines the effects of the epidemic on supply chains and how these effects are reduced through Industry 4.0 technology. Design/methodology/approach: An extensive literature review using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” method was carried out on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains and Industry 4.0 technologies. The study was undertaken by selecting keywords validated by experts and a search was conducted in the Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Publications from the leading journals on these topics were selected. The bibliographical search resulted in 1484 articles followed by multiple layers of filtering. Finally, the most pertinent articles were selected for reviewing, and a total of 53 articles were analysed. Findings: This study discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain and how the emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 can help manufacturers to ease the impact. These technologies will enhance the production system through the automation and optimization of production flow convergence, enabling efficiencies and improvements among the suppliers, manufacturers, and consumers in the COVID-19 situation. Originality/value: The study summarizes the impact of the COVID-19 on supply chains and shows the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies to lessen the impact on manufacturing supply chains. This is valuable information for policymakers and practitioners so that they can get insights and take necessary actions.

Background: COVID-19 has caused significant disruptions in supply chains. It has increased the demand for products and decreased the supply of raw materials. This has interrupted many production processes. The emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 have the potential to streamline supply chains by improving time-sensitive customized solutions during this emergency. Purpose: The study identifies the core technologies of Industry 4.0 and the role and impact of these technologies in managing the disruption caused by the COVID-19 outbreak in strengthening the supply chain resilience. Design/methodology/approach: An extensive literature review using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” method was carried out on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains and Industry 4.0 technologies. The study was undertaken by selecting keywords validated by experts, and a search was conducted in the Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Publications from the leading journals on these topics were selected. The bibliographical search resulted in 1484 articles, followed by multiple layers of filtering. Finally, the most pertinent articles were selected for review, and a total of 42 articles were analyzed. Findings: The findings of the study showed that the majority of the articles emphasized the digitalization of supply chain management, acknowledging the fundamentals, applications, and prospects, revealing the drivers and challenges of Industry 4.0 technologies to manage disruptions. Most of the authors identified IoT, big data, cloud computing, additive manufacturing, and blockchain to maintain the supply chain resilience. Originality/value: Existing literature on epidemics lacks the basics and practices of utilizing Industry 4.0 technologies in the supply chain recovery process. To fill this research gap, the study summarizes the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies to lessen supply chain disruptions caused by COVID-19. The study findings are valuable for policymakers and practitioners and contribute to supply chain management studies.

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