In this article, a textilebased metamaterial with broadband microwave absorption was developed using a screen printing technique. The metamaterial has over 90% absorption from 7.39 GHz to 18 GHz. The metamaterial consists of a top layer of the printed structure of commercial conductive inks on various kinds of clothes, which is separated from a conductive ground plane with flexible dielectric foam of 3.2 mm thickness. The metamaterial absorber was simulated using ANSYS HFSS software for various thicknesses of the printed ink. It was observed that the absorption band varies with variation in printed thickness, and the optimized printed thickness was found to be about 50 µm. With the increase in printed thickness, the absorption shifts from broadband to narrow band. To achieve the optimum thickness in fabrication, statistically designed experiments were conducted to study the variation of printed thickness and width with different kinds of clothes and substrates (FR4, plain weave cotton cloth, and twill weave cotton cloth), mesh number of the screen (50-110) and the number of passes (1-3). Substrate material and the number of passes were found to be the most significant factors that affect the printed width resolution and thickness. Rigid copper foil and printed cloth could both be used as the ground plane. A complete, flexible absorber was fabricated using printed cloth as the ground plane. The microwave response (absorption) of all the fabricated absorbers was measured and found to be in agreement (more than 90%) with the simulation. Further, the fabricated absorber on the cloth substrate was also made hydrophobic by treating it with polydimethylsiloxane.

No abstract

No abstract

In this article, an optically transparent and flexible microwave absorber for X and Ku bands application has been presented. The proposed absorber uses optically transparent ITO coated PET sheet for creating ohmic loss and polydimethylsiloxane has been used as a dielectric substrate for optical transparency and flexibility. The novelty of the structure lies in its optical transparency and flexible with increased absorption bandwidth and minimum thickness in comparison to previously reported state of the art absorbers. The proposed absorber exhibits absorptivity (above 90%) in the frequency range from 8.00 to 20.70 GHz under normal incidence. The thickness of the absorber is 0.196λg (where λg correspond to guided wavelength with respect to dielectric constant εr). An equivalent circuit model has been proposed which shows good match with the full wave model.

The discovery of cubosomes is a classic story and deals with food science, differential geometry, biological membranes and digestive processes. Cubosomes are highly balanced and nanoparticles in design formed primarily from the lipid cubic state and protected by a polymer-based outer circle. Hydrating a surfactant that designates cubic phase and then disperses a solid state into smaller particles, typically forms cubosomes. They behave concretely like rheology with unique properties of practical interest. Cubosome formation can be optimized to engineer pore size or consist of bioactive lipids, polymers can be used for targeting to the outer circle and they are highly secure under physiological conditions. This type of network structure gives them greater drug trapping potential. Related to liposomes, the structure adds a significantly more enhanced membrane surface area to trap membrane proteins and small drug entities. Cubosome may increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Due to modern advances, nanoparticles patterns include drug delivery, membrane bioreactors, artificial cells and biosensors and can be engineered both in vitro. This review, focused on modern advances in cubosome technology, not only facilitates their work but also contributes to standard procedures for the rational design of innovative systems for biomedical applications. Due to the nature of cubosome dispersion being bio-adhesive and biocompatible, as well as having different properties, cubosomes are functional systems, administered in a variety of ways, such as orally and parenterally. Cubosome structure is investigated through electron microscopy, light scattering, X-rays, and NMR, although some researchers are studying the potential of cubosomes as a delivery system.

Viral contaminations speak to a general medical issue and one of the main sources of worldwide mortality. A large portion of the antiviral medications have low permeability, low dissolvability and other related physical properties which make them less efficient for the antiviral treatment. To conquer these constraints, different nanomedicine stages have been planned. Nanomaterials offer special physico-chemical properties that have various advantages for medicate conveyance as perfect devices for viral treatment. This review focuses on the currently used medicines used in viral infection, presents a broad overview of the application of nanosized materials for the treatment of common viral infections and shed light on the potential of nanotechnology to provide more effective treatment for HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Influenza virus and Hepatitis C virus. The action of antiviral medications could be improved with nanomedicine formulations. As the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers can empower their capacity to target the specific sites. When it comes to structuring nanocarriers, size is the most important factor and the nanoparticles can permit the controlled delivery kinetics, enhanced bioavailability, altered pharmacokinetics, and less side effects. Nanocarriers that build them appealing candidates for antiviral drug such as Improves bioavailability of the encapsulated actives, controlled release, reduce the toxicity associated with the anti-viral drugs. One of the important physicochemical properties mainly size is the most important design factor for nanocarriers for anti-viral drug delivery to the specific sites. Nanobased drug delivery also leads to enhance the potential of currently approved antiviral drugs. Keywords: Nanotechnology, HIV, Hepatits virus, Influenza, HSV

No abstract

No abstract