Aims: Evidence linking serum uric acid (sUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents is very limited. To the best of our knowledge, only one report has focused on the relationship between sUA and BMD in adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between sUA and total BMD in adolescents aged 12-19 years.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample composed of non-institutionalized US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between sUA and total BMD. Subgroup analyses were further performed.Results: sUA positively correlated with total BMD in the multiple regression model after adjusting for potential confounders. However, in the subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, or race/ethnicity, the association between sUA and total BMD followed an inverted U-shaped curve in female adolescents, adolescents aged 16-19 years, and other race/ethnicity. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the correlation between sUA level and total BMD differed by sex. The increased sUA level would be beneficial to bone health in adolescents with low sUA levels, but for female adolescents, a higher sUA level (turning point, 3.9 mg/dL) may have an adverse effect on bone health.

Several studies have shown that an increased risk of metabolic and immune disorders associated with cesarean section mode of delivery may exist. However, such studies have not been conducted in the Chinese population. Stool sample sequencing of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA of 82 prospectively enrolled 3- and 30–42-day-old vaginal and cesarean section delivered newborns was performed to study the composition and predicted function of the intestinal microbiota. In the samples from the 3-day-old neonates, the levels of Escherichia-Shigella in the two groups were similar. The genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides were more prominent in the vaginal delivery than in the cesarean section group, which showed a predominance of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the samples from 30- to 42-day-old infants, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bacteroides were the main genera present in the vaginal delivery group, while in the cesarean section delivery group; the predominant genera were Escherichia-Shigella, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Staphylococcus. Predicted functions of the vaginal delivery group revealed higher metabolic and biodegradation rates of carbohydrates, vitamins, and xenobiotics than those in the cesarean section group, which contributed to the stability of the microbiota in the former. The abundance of probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and the negative correlation between obesity and Bacteroides presence were higher in vaginally delivered infants than in cesarean-delivered infants at both studied time points.

Introduction Pentoxifylline may be an important approach to treat neonatal sepsis. However, its use has not been well established. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline treatment for neonatal sepsis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials are searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the influence of pentoxifylline treatment on neonatal sepsis are included. Two investigators independently have searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model. Results Seven RCTs involving 439 patients are included in the meta-analysis. Compared with control intervention for neonatal sepsis, pentoxifylline treatment is associated with reduced hospital stay (Std. MD = -0.61; 95% CI = -0.93 to − 0.29; P = 0.0002) and metabolic acidosis (RR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.66; P = 0.0006), but has no remarkable impact on mortality (RR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.30 to 1.16; P = 0.13), serum TNF-α (Std. MD = -0.38; 95% CI = -1.29 to 0.52; P = 0.41), serum CRP (Std. MD = -0.25; 95% CI = -0.92 to 0.42; P = 0.47), plasma IL-6 (Std. MD = -0.13; 95% CI = -0.41 to 0.15; P = 0.37), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.25 to 1.21; P = 0.14), and oliguria/anuria (RR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.28 to 2.16; P = 0.62). In addition, pentoxifylline treatment can significantly reduce mortality (RR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.88; P = 0.02) after excluding the study conducted by Akdag during the sensivity analysis. Conclusions Pentoxifylline treatment may be associated with reduced mortality and hospital stay in neonatal sepsis.

Backgrounds It is important to improve our understanding of the roles of calcium and vitamin D in bone health for preventing osteoporosis. We aimed at exploring the associations between serum calcium, vitamin D level, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006. Methods Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of serum calcium, 25(OH)D level with total BMD. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore the potential non-linear relationship. Results A total of 5990 individuals aged between 12 and 19 years were included in this study. The fully-adjusted model showed serum calcium positively correlated with total BMD. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found when we performed the smooth curve fitting method, and the inflection point was calculated at 9.6 mg/dL using the two-piecewise linear regression model. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and total BMD after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions The present study revealed a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and total BMD, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum calcium and total BMD.

Aim Ensuring adequate calcium (Ca) intake during childhood and adolescence is critical to acquire good peak bone mass to prevent osteoporosis during older age. As one of the primary strategies to build and maintain healthy bones, we aimed to determine whether dietary Ca intake has an influence on bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study composed of 10,092 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary Ca intake and total BMD were taken as independent and dependent variables, respectively. To evaluate the association between them, we conducted weighted multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings. Results There was a significantly positive association between dietary Ca intake and total BMD. The strongest association was observed in 12–15 year old whites, 8–11 year old and 16–19 year old Mexican Americans, and 16–19 year old individuals from other race/ethnicity, in whom each quintile of Ca intake was increased. We also found that there were significant inflection points in females, blacks, and 12–15 year old adolescents group, which means that their total BMD would decrease when the dietary Ca intake was more than 2.6–2.8 g/d. Conclusions This cross-sectional study indicated that a considerable proportion of children and adolescents aged 8–19 years would attain greater total BMD if they increased their dietary Ca intake. However, higher dietary Ca intake (more than 2.6–2.8 g/d) is associated with lower total BMD in females, blacks, and 12–15 year old adolescents group.

Source of material (2E,6E)-2,6-bis[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]cyclohexanone was synthesized by an Aldol condesation between two molecules of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone, which was synthesized according our earlier published method [1,2]. An amount of 7.5 mmol cyclohexanone was added to a solution of 15 mmol 2-(tri-fluoromethyl)benzaldehyde in MeOH (10 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 min, followed by dropwise addition of NaOMe/MeOH (1.5 ml, 7.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored by TLC. When the reaction was finished, the residue was poured into saturated NH 4 Cl solution and filtered. The precipitate was washed with water and cold ethanol, and dried in vacuum. The solid was purified by chromatography over silica gel using CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 3 OH as the eluent to yield compound. All chemicals used for the synthesis were commercially available of AR grade, and were used as received. The yellow crystal of the title compound was obtained by slow evaporation of a CH 3 OH solution at room temperature. Experimental detailsPosition of the H atoms were calculated based on geometric criteria (C-H = 0.97 and 0.93 Å for methyl and aromatic atoms, respectively) then were placed in their calculated position and refined isotropically using a riding model with U iso (H) = 1.5 U eq (C) for methyl and U iso (H) = 1.2 U eq (C) for all others. DiscussionCurcumin has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of pharmaceutical activities, such as anti-tumor [3, 4], anti-inflammation [5], anti-oxidation [6], anti-bacterial [7], and cardiovascular protection [8,9]. However, its high metabolic instability and low bioavailability have dramatically limited its practical application [10]. Recently, our research group has synthesized a series of mono-carbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs) by deleting b-diketone moiety [11][12][13]. The title compound, belongs to MACs and shown greater metabolic stability than that of curcumin. The crystal structure of the title compound is depicted in the figure. The asymmetric unit of this complex is constructed by two 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene groups and a cyclohexanone linker. The C-C bond length of the cyclohexanone moiety ranging from 1.491 to 1.509 Å are quite normal single bonds. The C7-C8 and C12-C14 bond lengths of 1.328 and 1.324 Å conform to the value for a double bond. The C6-C7 and C14-C15 bond length of 1.466 Å are intermediate between the double and single bonds. The shortening of the C-C bonds showing the partial double-bond character of the C-C bonds, which are influenced by adjacent conjugated double bonds.

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