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Ferrosoferric oxide functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite with layer by layer structure was synthesized by isoelectric point method in this work. The prepared material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Then the material was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the detection of catechol. The electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance towards the detection of catechol with a linear response in the range of 5–205 μM and a detection limit of 2.32 μM. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor showed excellent selectivity, stability and repeatability. These results revealed ferrosoferric oxide functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite has potential applications in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors.

A novel iron-embedded carbon bead was prepared by the calcination of a calcium alginate gel bead mixed with iron nanoparticles coated by polydopamine. The prepared iron-embedded carbon bead was characterized by infrared spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was discovered that the novel structure efficaciously prevented the agglomeration of iron nanoparticles. Additionally, the effects of dose, pH, exposure time, temperature and initial concentration on the adsorption of Cd(II) were studied, and the reusability of the material was analyzed. Fe/SA-C showed high Cd(II) removal capability (220.3, 225.7, 240.8 mg g À1 at 288, 298, 308 K), easy recoverability and high stability. In addition, some slightly different interpretations of the adsorption mechanism are given. This study clearly revealed that Fe/SA-C has potential application in the removal of Cd(II).

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A carbon sphere was synthesized by high temperature reduction using alginate as a carbon source. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis. The carbon sphere is reticulated and porous at the microscopic level. For Cd(II) removal experiments, the results showed that the carbon sphere had an excellent effect for the remove of Cd(II), and the adsorption obeyed pseudo-secondorder kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacities of Langmuir isotherm were 149, 167, 196 mg⋅g À 1 at 288 K, 298 K and 308 K, respectively. In general, the carbon sphere has a good application prospect for treating cadmium-containing wastewater.

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