A series
of zirconium-based catalysts were prepared for the selective
transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural (FFR) into furfuryl
alcohol with lower alcohols as hydrogen sources. The sample structures
were clearly characterized using various methods, such as X-ray powder
diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope,
NH
3
-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), CO
2
-TPD, and nitrogen physisorption. Excellent furfuryl alcohol yield
of 98.9 mol % was achieved over Zr(OH)
4
using 2-propanol
as a hydrogen donor at 447 K. The poisoning experiments indicated
that basic centers displayed pronounced effect for FFR transfer hydrogenation.
Moderate monoclinic phase content in ZrO
2
-
x
enhanced the conversion rate and furfuryl alcohol selectivity, whereas
acid–basic site density ratio had slight influence on FFR conversion.
Besides, Zr(OH)
4
revealed good performance and stability
after being repeated four times. The possible mechanism for this transfer
hydrogenation process over Zr(OH)
4
catalyst with 2-propanol
as the hydrogen source was proposed.
Abstract:A modified confined catalyst with CeO 2 on the interior and CuO on the exterior surface of TiO 2 nanotubes (Ce-in-TNT-Cu-out) was prepared and investigated for the combustion of butane catalytically. Compared with the Ce-in-TNT and TNT-Cu-out, the Ce-in-TNT-Cu-out presents a higher activity for butane oxidation, with a conversion of 10% at 200 o C and a conversion of 90% at 300 o C. XPS analysis indicates that more Ce(IV) and Cu(I) components exist in the Ce-in-TNT-Cu-out catalyst. It is proposed that electron transfer ability between encapsulated CeO 2 and loaded CuO is significantly enhanced by the confinement effect of the TiO 2 nanotubes, facilitating the formation and migration of active oxygen species in the catalyst. This result shows that modulating the electronic property of the active component can further improve the catalytic combustion performance of the confined catalysts.
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