Catalytic upgrading of carbohydrates into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural using SO3H functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymer based carbonaceous materials

Zhang, Jun; Dong, Kaijun; Luo, Weimin; Guan, Haifeng

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.060

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Zhang and coworkers found that cross‐linked poly(ether sulfone) catalysts derived from sulfonic monomer had stronger acid strength and better swelling property, which were highly active in the acid‐catalyzed esterification of acetic acid and cyclohexanol. In recent research, benzene monomer derived porous hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymers could serve as effective acid catalysts for biomass depolymerization and/or alcoholysis . Thus it can be seen that functionalized hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymers have great application prospects in the field of catalysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Catalytic upgrading of biomass into various alkyl levulinates has gained wide attention recently. Particularly, ethyl levulinate (EL) shows great potential as gasoline additive and substitute of biodiesel fuels. RESULTS Hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymer based carbonaceous materials with large surface areas and strong Brϕnsted acidity were synthesized and developed as highly efficient solid acids for the direct transformation of biomass derived carbohydrates into biofuel candidate ethyl levulinate (EL). Controllable Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and proper acid density of as‐prepared carbonaceous materials were demonstrated to be crucial for the successful synthesis of EL. Among the catalysts, α,α′‐dichloro‐p‐xylene derived hyper‐cross‐linked organic carbocatalyst (HDS‐3.6) exhibited the best results for EL formation with the optimal yield of 70.3% at a temperature of 423 K, which was comparable with those of frequently‐used solid acids such as commercial Amberlyst‐15 and metal oxides. The presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the catalytic system facilitated the production of intermediates 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural. Notably, the hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymers with abundant Brϕnsted acid sites were much more effective in the catalytic synthesis of levulinate esters from ketoses. CONCLUSION The prepared hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymers were efficient and robust catalysts to produce various biomass derived alkyl levulinates with high activity and stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent research, benzene monomer derived porous hyper-cross-linked organic polymers could serve as effective acid catalysts for biomass depolymerization and/or alcoholysis. 29,30 Thus it can be seen that functionalized hyper-cross-linked organic polymers have great application prospects in the field of catalysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…An ethanol ether of HMF was generated in this case with up to 78.9% of yield. [ 75 ] With this catalyst, overreaction of fructose, if it is selective, will produce ethyl levulinate. [ 76 ]…”

Section: Catalytic Applications Of Hypercrosslinked Polymers Construcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Cost Hypercrosslinked Polymers by Direct Knitting Strategy for Catalytic Applications

Son

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

103

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Direct knitting of nucleophilic arene monomers in the presence of electrophilic cross‐linker, like formaldehyde dimethyl acetal, is proven to be a cost‐effective and versatile method for the synthesis of porous organic polymers. The resulting hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are featured by hierarchical porous structure, high surface area, and pore volume. Coordinating functional groups can be easily installed with this method into the rigid aryl network. Direct knitting to HCPs has therefore been widely used in preparing heterogeneous solid catalysts. Wise selection of monomers with rational design of 3D structure and the synergy between the HCP support and the catalytically active species often lead to high efficiency of tailor‐made catalysts without sophisticated operations. On account of all these excellent properties, enthusiasm of researchers to use HCPs in catalysis is increasing rapidly. This review documents the necessity, feasibility, and the great contributions of using HCPs as invaluable tools for catalysis research, and summarizes state of the art of this chemistry. Similar type catalysts obtained by one‐step Scholl reaction are also included in this review.

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“…The 5-EMF compound is one of the derivative compounds of HMF [23]. 5-EMF is believed to be a promising fuel candidate as it has a high energy density of 8.7 kWh/L, which is close to the energy density of gasoline (8.8 kWh/L) and diesel (9.7 kWh/L) and higher than that of ethanol (6.1 kWh/L) [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose and TiO2–ZrO2 Nanocomposite as a Catalyst for Glucose Conversion to 5-EMF

Dini

Helmiyati

Krisnandi

2021

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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This work demonstrated the use of green material catalysts, produced from Sengon sawdust waste, to obtain nanocellulose biopolymers. The green material catalysts were utilized as catalysts support of TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide in the form of nanocomposite materials with superior synergistic properties. The isolation of nanocellulose was achieved using a hydrolysis method with a yield of 63.40%. The TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles have average particle sizes of around 25 and 15 nm, respectively, and the binary oxides of TiO2–ZrO2 pretained an average particle size of 30 nm were used. Furthermore, the nanocellulose combined with the TiO2−ZrO2 binary oxide had formed a cellulose/TiO2−ZrO2 nanocomposite with an average particle size of 30 nm. This indicates that the supporting nanocellulose can stabilize the nanoparticles and avoid aggregation. Moreover, the nanocomposites can be used as a catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (5-EMF). The catalytic activity increased with the nanoparticle effect obtained ZrO2, TiO2, TiO2-ZrO2, and cellulose and TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite, in 15.50%, 20.20%, 35.20%, and 45.50% yields, respectively. The best yield of 5-EMF was 45.50%, with reaction conditions of 1:1 TiO2–ZrO2 ratio, 4 h reaction time, and 160 °C reaction temperature. The use of nanocellulose biopolymer generated from Sengon sawdust waste in Indonesia provides a promising catalyst support material as an alternative green catalyst. In addition, the glucose carbohydrates can be converted to biofuel feedstocks in the development of a renewable alternative energy. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Catalytic upgrading of carbohydrates into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural using SO3H functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymer based carbonaceous materials

Cited by 61 publications

References 55 publications

Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Low‐Cost Hypercrosslinked Polymers by Direct Knitting Strategy for Catalytic Applications

Cellulose and TiO2–ZrO2 Nanocomposite as a Catalyst for Glucose Conversion to 5-EMF

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