It is generally acknowledged that driver pathway plays a decisive role in the occurrence and progress of tumors, and the identification of driver pathways has become imperative for precision medicine or personalized medicine. Due to the inevitable sequencing error, the noise contained in single omics cancer data usually plays a negative effect on identification. It is a feasible approach to take advantage of multi-omics cancer data rather than a single one now that large amounts of multi-omics cancer data have become available. The identification of driver pathways by integrating multi-omics cancer data has attracted attention of researchers in bioinformatics recently. In this paper, a weighted non-binary mutation matrix is constructed by integrating copy number variations, somatic mutations and gene expressions. Based on the weighted non-binary mutation matrix, a new identification model is proposed through defining new measurements of coverage and exclusivity. Then, a cooperative coevolutionary algorithm CGA-MWS is put forward for solving the presented model. Both real cancer data and simulated one were used to conduct comparisons among methods Dendrix, GA, iMCMC, MOGA, PGA-MWS and CGA-MWS. Compared with the pathways identified by the other five methods, more genes, belonging to the pathway identified by the CGA-MWS method, are enriched in a known signaling pathway in most cases. Simultaneously, the high efficiency of method CGA-MWS makes it practical in realistic applications. All of which have been verified through a number of experiments.
There have been many ways to construct an algorithm to encrypt image. Most often the algorithms are based on DNA sequence or other methods. In this paper, we proposed a new method which is based on singular value decomposition. In this approach, we can encrypt a small portion of the data through RSA encryption algorithm. The strength of the proposed method is insured through various statistical and security analysis. It shows that the algorithm has good encryption effect and higher encryption efficiency, which can be applied to the storage and network transmission of military, medical and other digital images.
Symmetric Searchable Encryption(SSE) is deemed to tackle the privacy issue as well as the operability and confidentiality in data outsourcing. However, most SSE schemes assume that the cloud is honest but curious. This assumption is not always applicable. And even if some schemes supported verification, integrity or freshness checking in a malicious cloud, but the performance and security functionalities are not fully exploited. In this paper, we propose an efficient SSE scheme based on B+-Tree and Counting Bloom Filter (CBF) which supports secure verification, dynamic updating, and multiuser queries. Comparing with the previous state of the arts, we design the new data structure CBF to support dynamic updating and boost verification. We also leverage the timestamp mechanism in the scheme to prevent the malicious cloud from launching a replay attack. The new designed CBF is like a front-engine to save user s cost for query and verification. And it can achieve more efficient query and verification with negligible false positive when there is no value matching the queried keyword. The CBF supports efficient dynamic updating by combining Bloom Filter with a one-dimensional array that provides the counting capability. Furthermore, we design the authenticator for CBF. We adopt B+-Tree for it is widely used in many database engines and file systems. We also give a brief security proof of our scheme. Then we provide a detailed performance analysis. Finally, we evaluate our scheme through comprehensive experiments. The results are consistent with our analysis and show that our scheme is secure, and more efficient compared with the previous schemes with the same functionalities. The average performance can be improved by about 20% for both the cloud servers and users when the missing rate of the searching keywords is 20%. And the higher the missing rate is, the more the performance can be improved.
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