Acetic acid and ethanol are structurally similar to oxalate. Oxalate is produced from the shunt of Krebs cycle and other metabolic pathways. Both acetic acid and ethanol can reduce the risks of heart diseases 1-4 and extend lifespan, 5,6 perhaps by blocking the generation of oxalate. 7 However, excessive intake of ethanol is associated with moderate cancer risks, 7 which is likely to be associated with its hydrogen bonding capacity that enhances local strong acid formation and subsequent mutagenesis. 7 Observations in China-based vinegar factories have demonstrated that few cancer cases appeared over several decades, suggesting that the weak acid can counteract strong acids such as locally formed hydrochloric acid and reduce mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. 8 This property is superior to ethanol as acetic acid can reduce risks for either cardiovascular disease or cancer. The Krebs cycle is capable of generating both protons and short chain organic acids, and organic acids could antagonise strong acids. 9 When the protons are in excess, cancer may occur. When organic acids are over-produced, age-related diseases then appear. 9 Whether vinegar or acetic acid can substitute ethanol or wines in the prevention of heart diseases warrants further investigation.
In this work, the effect of preheat treatment on surface properties of carbon fiber (CF) and interfacial properties of CF‐reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites was investigated in detail. The sized T700SC CFs were preheated based on practical thermoplastic composites processing conditions. The obvious mass loss was obtained due to the sizing agent degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the concentration of sizing agents and activated carbon atoms decreased apparently for preheated fibers. Preheat treatment had negligible effect on tensile strength. Transcrystallinity structures were observed at fiber/PEEK interfaces using polarizing microscope and they had similar transcrystallinity density before and after preheat treatment. The microbond test was performed to determine interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between fibers and PEEK matrix. The IFSS increased from 40.16 to 46.32 MPa by 15.34%, which was against the trend of activated carbon atoms. Furthermore, the mechanisms of interfacial adhesion enhancement were discussed. The sizing layer became weak interface region because of poor chemical bonding between sizing agents and PEEK. Removing sizing via preheat treatment could enhance the interfacial adhesion. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1407–E1415, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Astronomical spectroscopy has recently expanded into the near-infrared (nIR) wavelength region, raising the demands on atomic transition data. The interpretation of the observed spectra largely relies on theoretical results, and progress towards the production of accurate theoretical data must continuously be made. Spectrum calculations that target multiple atomic states at the same time are by no means trivial. Further, numerous atomic systems involve Rydberg series, which are associated with additional difficulties. In this work, we demonstrate how the challenges in the computations of Rydberg series can be handled in large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) calculations. By paying special attention to the construction of the radial orbital basis that builds the atomic state functions, transition data that are weakly sensitive to the choice of gauge can be obtained. Additionally, we show that the Babushkin gauge should not always be considered as the preferred gauge, and that, in the computations of transition data involving Rydberg series, the Coulomb gauge could be more appropriate for the analysis of astrophysical spectra. To illustrate the above, results from computations of transitions involving Rydberg series in the astrophysically important C IV and C III ions are presented and analyzed.
Three new complexes containing MnMo zigzag chains have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystal structure of complex 3 consists of two linkage isomers of the MoMn chains, which correspond to 1 and 2, respectively. Both complex 1 and 3 show slow magnetic relaxation behavior with an energy barrier of Δ/k = 69.5 K and 68.8 K, respectively, whereas complex 2 is a simple paramagnet. The linear apical Mo-CN-Mn pairs provide the required magnetic anisotropy for the slow magnetic relaxation.
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