In
this work, a low triggered potential electrochemiluminescence
strategy based on gold-filled photonic crystals (GPCs) electrodes
composed of photonic crystals self-assembled with polystyrene spheres
and gold nanoparticles embedded in the gaps of the photonic crystals
was proposed. The GPCs electrodes served as the detection platform
to bind antigen, and Ru(bpy)3
2+-COOH as a luminophore
was labeled on the antibody (Ab). Then, Ru(bpy)3
2+-COOH/Ab was connected to the immobilized antigen on the surface
of the photonic crystals by the immunoreaction to avoid direct contact
with the gold nanoparticles surface. ECL emission can only be initiated
by electrochemical oxidation of tripropylamine (TPrA) since Ru(bpy)3
2+-COOH cannot be oxidized directly on the electrode
surface. The TPrA·
+ and TPrA· radicals generated by the oxidation of TPrA can spread to the vicinity
of Ru(bpy)3
2+-COOH over a short distance and
react with the Ru(bpy)3
2+-COOH, eventually producing
ECL emission. The potential of ECL emission caused by TPrA oxidation
was about 300 mV lower than that caused by Ru(bpy)3
2+-COOH oxidation because the oxidation potential of TPrA (0.95
V vs SCE) was lower than Ru(bpy)3
2+-COOH (1.25
V vs SCE). Furthermore, the photonic crystals nanomembrane has the
capability to enhance electrochemiluminescence. Thereafter, tetracycline
antibiotic as a model compound was successfully detected via competitive
immunoassay on GPCs electrodes with a detection limit of 0.075 pg/mL
(S/N = 3), which has broad application prospects in the field of analysis
and detection.
Two types of lateral flow immunochromatographic test strips (LFITS) using gold nanoparticles and fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as signal labels, respectively, were developed for Shiga toxin type II (STX2) assays.
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