Photonic Crystal of Polystyrene Nanomembrane: Signal Amplification and Low Triggered Potential Electrochemiluminescence for Tetracycline Detection

Abstract

In this work, a low triggered potential electrochemiluminescence strategy based on gold-filled photonic crystals (GPCs) electrodes composed of photonic crystals self-assembled with polystyrene spheres and gold nanoparticles embedded in the gaps of the photonic crystals was proposed. The GPCs electrodes served as the detection platform to bind antigen, and Ru­(bpy)3 2+-COOH as a luminophore was labeled on the antibody (Ab). Then, Ru­(bpy)3 2+-COOH/Ab was connected to the immobilized antigen on the surface of the photonic crystals by the immunoreaction to avoid direct contact with the gold nanoparticles surface. ECL emission can only be initiated by electrochemical oxidation of tripropylamine (TPrA) since Ru­(bpy)3 2+-COOH cannot be oxidized directly on the electrode surface. The TPrA· + and TPrA· radicals generated by the oxidation of TPrA can spread to the vicinity of Ru­(bpy)3 2+-COOH over a short distance and react with the Ru­(bpy)3 2+-COOH, eventually producing ECL emission. The potential of ECL emission caused by TPrA oxidation was about 300 mV lower than that caused by Ru­(bpy)3 2+-COOH oxidation because the oxidation potential of TPrA (0.95 V vs SCE) was lower than Ru­(bpy)3 2+-COOH (1.25 V vs SCE). Furthermore, the photonic crystals nanomembrane has the capability to enhance electrochemiluminescence. Thereafter, tetracycline antibiotic as a model compound was successfully detected via competitive immunoassay on GPCs electrodes with a detection limit of 0.075 pg/mL (S/N = 3), which has broad application prospects in the field of analysis and detection.

Band-Edge Effect-Induced Electrochemiluminescence Signal Amplification Based on Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals for Ultrasensitive Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen

“…Each ultrasonic treatment lasted 15 min. Hydrophilic treatments were conducted by immersing the ITO slides into a diluted solution of basic hydrogen peroxide and heating at 80 °C for 1 h. − After being washed and dried, each hydrophilic ITO slide was placed vertically in a vial containing P­(St-MMA-AA) colloidal suspension at 0.15 wt % in 75% ethanol. All the vials were placed in a constant temperature oven at 60 °C for ca.…”

“…Li’s group first utilized the light-scattering and enrichment effects of monolayer silica quasi-photonic crystals and trilayer Ru@SiO 2 nanomembrane to achieve ECL signal amplification and further applied them to the assays of cardiac troponin I and prostate-specific antigen. Wang et al reported gold nanoparticle-filled polystyrene photonic crystal nanoelectrodes to acquire signal magnification and achieve a low potential driven ECL determination of tetracycline . The pioneering investigations focus on the influence of the light-scattering effect of PCs on ECL intensity, and all used opal PCs to fabricate the ECL sensing platform.…”

“…Wang et al reported gold nanoparticle-filled polystyrene photonic crystal nanoelectrodes to acquire signal magnification and achieve a low potential driven ECL determination of tetracycline. 24 The pioneering investigations focus on the influence of the light-scattering effect of PCs on ECL intensity, and all used opal PCs to fabricate the ECL sensing platform. In comparison, the band-edge effect has not been studied, and little attention has been paid to the spectral variation, which is instrumental in revealing the process of harnessing the emission by photonic nanostructures.…”

Multi-analyte sensing strategies towards wearable and intelligent devices

“…Specically, through a facile and cost-effective bottom-up self-assembly strategy, photonic crystals (PCs) with a periodic dielectric structure have received increasing interest. [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] PCs are capable of affecting light propagation and create a forbidden gap (a photonic stopband) in their photonic band structure. 53 In past decades, PCs have attracted enormous research interest and increasing awareness of their potential applications in sensing, detection, catalysts, displays, solar cells and other elds, owing to their specic optical properties.…”

Advances in functional photonic crystal materials for the analysis of chemical hazards in food

“…In addition, the antibodies can also be labeled by some fluorophores to establish fluorescence assays (X. Wang, Wang, et al., 2020). Due to their feasibility and specificity, antibodies modified on the surface of PC materials have been widely used to test mycotoxins and drug residues in food (X. Y. Wang, Zhu, et al., 2021).…”