Template reactions of 2-hydroxy-R-benzaldehyde-S-methylisothiosemicarbazones (R= 3methoxy or 4-hydroxy) with the corresponding aldehydes in the presence of FeCl 3 and NiCl 2 yielded N 1 ,N 4 -disalicylidene chelate complexes. The compounds were characterized by means of elemental and spectroscopic methods. The structure of complex 1 was determined by x-ray single crystal diffraction. Crystal data (Mo Kα; 296 K) are as follows: monoclinic space group P2 1 /c, a = 12.9857(8) Å, b = 7.8019(4) Å, c = 19.1976(12) Å, β = 101.655(5)°, Z = 4. Cytotoxic effects of the compounds were evaluated by MTT assay in K562 leukemia, ECV304 endothelial and normal mononuclear cells and DNA fragmentation analysis using the diphenylamine reaction were performed. The DNA binding capacity of thiosemicarbazones at IC 50 and different concentrations was investigated. The DNA fragmentation percentage of compound treated cells were higher than non-treated control cells but compound 3 (84%) was higher than the others. The interaction of compounds 1-4 and DNA was investigated voltammetrically by using nucleic acids modified electrodes after the double stranded fish sperm DNA (fsDNA), or poly (dA).poly (dT) was immobilized onto the surface of pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs). Accordingly, the oxidation signals of DNA bases; guanine and adenine were measured by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The changes at the signals of guanine and adenine were evaluated before and after interaction process. The results indicated compound 3 was cytotoxic in very low concentrations in K562 leukemia cells unlike other cells and that could damage the DNA double stranded form, specifically the adenine base. Therefore, it may be a selective antileukemic effect and drug potential.thiosemicarbazones. Generally, the transition metals play a very important role in an organism and their complexes can interact non-covalently with nucleic acid by intercalation, groove-binding or external electrostatic binding for cations. 3,7,[19][20][21][22] There have been numerous studies in the literature investigating drug-DNA interactions by using conventional techniques such as HPLC, GC, and mass spectrometry. Considering the numerous advantages of electrochemical analysis techniques, the disadvantages of these conventional techniques arising from their complicated form of analysis have made them less preferable. Since the electroactivity of nucleic acids was discovered in the 1960s, 29 electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors, known as electrochemical genosensors, have frequently been preferred for recognition of (bio)molecule-DNA interactions. There are several research articles that investigated (bio)molecule-DNA interaction by using electrochemical techniques in the literature. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] PGEs bring some crucial properties such as being robust, single-use, practical and having a large surface area. Their combination with electrochemical detection techniques provides fast, practical, accurate and time-saving analysis of target analytes. Moreover, th...

No abstract

Lung structural changes and immunoreactivity of endothelial (eNOS)- and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated by light microscopy in lungs of treated and untreated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 65 mg kg(-1) streptozotocin (STZ) in Wistar albino male rats. Diabetic rats received daily i.p. doses of dexamethasone (2 mg kg(-1)), leptin (0.5 microg kg(-1)) and intramuscular insulin (20 U kg(-1)) or a combination of these drugs for 1 week starting 4 weeks after the STZ injections. After treatment, the blood levels of glucose, leptin, insulin and nitrate/nitrite (NO(3) (-)/NO(2) (-)) were measured. Dilatation of alveoli and alveolar ducts, partial alveolar wall thickening and increased eNOS- and iNOS characterized the diabetic rat lungs. High blood glucose and nitrate/nitrite levels as well as low insulin and leptin levels were also present. Treatment with insulin, dexamethasone and a combination of these drugs resulted in improvement of the structural and immunohistochemical abnormalities. The most effective treatment was insulin therapy. Leptin administration resulted in increased relative amounts of extracellular material, which led to noticeable respiratory efficiency in the diabetic rat lungs. All treatments except leptin lowered blood glucose levels. The combination of insulin and dexamethasone increased blood leptin and insulin, while the remaining diabetic rats had blood with low leptin and insulin concentrations. These results suggest that therapy with insulin plus dexamethasone but not therapy with leptin is beneficial for diabetics.

Crataegus (hawthorn) has long been used as a folk medicine all around the world. Most of the studies with Crataegus species focus on effects on heart failure and cardiovascular disease. The pharmacological effects of Crataegus have been attributed mainly to the content of flavonoids, procyanidin, aromatic acid and cardiotonic amines. The present study investigated the blood pressure and the structure of the coronary arterial wall of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats given an aqueous leaf extract of C. tanacetifolia (100 mg/kg), for 4 weeks via gavage. It was observed that C. tanacetifolia, especially the hyperoside fraction, prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats and had beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.