This article sifts through the correlation between Research and Development (R&D) expenditures, and economic growth at the national level in Turkey. All the while, not only theoretical, but also empirical literature has drastically insisted on that the item of investments in R&D is an indispensable component of economic growth. The relationship between R&D expenditures and economic performance has attracted a great deal of attention in the academic field for quite some time. In addition to that, the subject has been long emphasised by governments and private enterprises. Most of the contemporary economists have attributed the sustained growth in developed nations to their intensive R&D activities. As a developing country, Turkey is the 17th largest economy, according to the World Bank's GDP ranking. In the light of Turkey's 2023 Goals, the country aims to be ranked among the top ten economies of world. Thereby, the discussion of the relationship between economic growth and R&D expenditures has an exceptional urgency for Turkey's ambitious economic targets. In this study, the relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth was circumstantially scrutinized in Turkey for the period of 1990 to 2013. To that end, unit root tests, co-integration test and, the Granger's causality test were used. As a result of the analysis, it is found that the series inspected are stationary in first-order and have no co-integration relationship between them. According to the Granger's causality analysis applied, it is also uncovered that there is no causality relationship between the series examined.

In this study, effects of management approach and leadership style on employee job satisfaction, are explicating and representing on the basis of employees who work in the telecommunication sector. Within the scope of study, samples are selected from sub manager employees who work in a nationwide organization which carries on telecommunication sector. At the stage of application of survey comeback are taken from 202 employees. In order to interpret how manager's leadership styles and management approaches are perceived from employees "Ekvall and Arvonen Leadership scale" was used; on the other hand to evaluate employee job satisfaction "Minnesota Job Satisfaction Survey" is preferred. Employee performance can be thought as sum of job satisfaction and motivation. Therefore organizations focused on continuous development and growth should manage perception of employees who works in the strategic plans such as near and far targets, technology, company policies and investment decisions. How compatible perspectives of leaders/managers and expectations of employees? Do Leadership style and management approach affect employees job satisfaction? The study look for an answer of this questions in general terms.

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Enerji tüketimi, ekonomik büyümenin göstergelerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Enerji tüketimi içinde en önemli payı ise, petrol tüketimi almaktadır. Petrolün sanayi üretiminde girdi ve enerji olarak kullanılması nedeniyle petrol tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki her dönemde araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de petrol tüketim miktarı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki Johansen eşbütünleşme testi uygulanarak araştırılmış ve elde edilen bulgular analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.