Extinction can be described in terms of procedures (i.e., discontinuing reinforcement for a previously reinforced response) as well as effects (e.g., response bursts and variability; Lattal, St. Peter Pipkin, & Escobar, 2013). Furthermore, side effects occasioned by extinction procedures might include dangerous response topographies such as aggressive behaviors. Despite undesired side effects, researchers and practitioners use extinction combined with differential reinforcement procedures to reduce problem behavior. The purpose of this review was to examine differential reinforcement treatment packages that excluded the use of an extinction component, which can be conceptualized as a concurrent schedule. The authors reviewed 109 individual experiments contained within 32 published articles. Studies included human participants, a functional analysis of problem behavior, and intervention phases that contained differential reinforcement without extinction. The review indicated potential positive yet idiosyncratic effects regarding the arrangement of concurrent schedules.
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