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The world today stands on the brink of an important industrial revolution that is causing important progress in our lives in many industrial, medical electronics, biology, and electronics fields, etc. Nanotechnology is one of the most important sciences at this time. Nanoparticles possess very different chemical and physical properties comparative with macro scale particles. The laser ablation technique is one of the most used and important techniques used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The laser ablation technique provides the most appropriate nanoparticles with high purity. This paper reported a review of nanoparticles and its properties also the methods used to synthesis it.

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Laser micromachining is used in the microfluidic application, especially in biomedical technology, the point of care diagnostics, and chemical analysis. In this research work, a micro-engraving was done on PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) using a CO2 laser. Based on the Taguchi design of the experiment; 25 experiments were done to study the effect of laser parameters on the micro-engraving process. The effect of input parameters, laser power, engraving speed, and overlapping space has discussed on the micro-engraving characteristic, surface roughness, engraving depth, and overall time of the process. The results show different surface roughness ranged between 7 – 1.72 µm. Also, the depth results ranged between 20.4 – 5800 µm which could be used in many various applications. The ANOVA results showed that the engraving speed has a significant”effect on surface roughness and”engraving depth, but in engraving time, the laser power has a substantial impact at 94.06%.

 Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was performed using PLAL with different wavelengths  The study and characterization of the ZnO nanoparticle were achieved.  The antibacterial activity of ZnO was studied on coli and S. aurous.  The nanomaterials were proved to have good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.In recent years, biologists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers have become interested in Nano-sized particles because of their unique properties. In this paper, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using an Nd: YAG laser with 800 mJ at 1064 nm and 532 nm (the fundamental and second harmonic wavelengths). The characteristics of optical, morphological, structural, wettability and antibacterial activity have been studied. The used technique of PLAL was successful in nanoparticle formation. It was proved in color changes, which was an indication of ZnO nanoparticle formation. The optical measurements show a decrease in absorption wavelength and an increase in the band gap, an indication of the formation of quantum confinement due to nanoparticle formation. The XRD involves the formation of polycrystalline ZnO at both wavelengths. Also, the FE-SEM proved the formation of nanoparticles with a semispherical shape and little agglomeration on the surface. However, the EDX shows Zn and O in the film, which means the formation of ZnO. The low contact angle indicates high wettability, which means that the material has high biocompatibility. Finally, the antibacterial test was done on two types of bacteria (E. coli and S. aurous) and showed an antibacterial effect on both types with different NP concentrations.