Om diagnostic can differentiate between different models of dark energy without the accurate current value of matter density. We apply this geometric diagnostic to dilaton dark energy (DDE) model and differentiate DDE model from LCDM. We also investigate the influence of coupled parameter α on the evolutive behavior of Om with respect to redshift z. According to the numerical result of Om, we get the current value of equation of state ω σ 0 = −0.952 which fits the WMAP5+BAO+SN very well.

Uprising ground‐level ozone (O3) and its regional pollution in Northern China are attracting more attention. Besides local precursor emissions and photochemistry, background ozone and long‐range transport also contribute significantly to O3 concentrations. To quantify the regional background O3 concentrations and their temporal and spatial variations, multiple methods, including the principal component analysis (PCA) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) method, were applied as a case study in Shandong province in Northern China, where serious O3 pollution occurred frequently yet the background contributions have not been well quantified. We used four methods to quantify the regional background O3: Method 1 is PCA analysis with only ambient O3 data as input; Method 2 is PCA analysis considering O3 and meteorological parameters; Method 3 combines multiple linear regression and the traditional PCA method; and Method 4 is based on TCEQ and consists of the lowest MAD8 O3 measured to represent regional background O3 concentrations. Results derived from multiple methods show an overall consistent trend with 2018–2020 averaged regional background O3 (MDA8) of 41.5 ppb, accounting for 79.4% of the total O3 in the region. From 2018 to 2020, the changes in regional MDA8 O3 estimated by Methods 1–4 are −1.8, 0.7, −2.4, and 0.4 ppb, respectively. Clear seasonal variations in the regional background O3 are observed, showing a pattern of summer > spring > autumn > winter. In addition, the regional ozone contribution at coastal cities was larger than that for inland cities with local O3 contribution gradually increasing from coastal areas to inland areas. The 3‐year average sea‐land breeze contribution to summertime O3 in the eastern coastal cities was estimated to be around 2.1%, while the local photochemistry to O3 in the inland cities was about 29.7% during ozone pollution episodes, with maximum contribution estimated up to 55.8%. Overall, our study provides insights into the regional background ozone and local photochemistry in Northern China.

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Synthesisof N-Substituted 3-Oxo-17β-carboxamide-4-aza-5αandrostanes and the Tautomerism of 3-Oxo-4-aza-5-androstenes. -The azaandrostene carboxamides (V) are synthesized as antiandrogen candidates from the androstene carboxylic acid (I). The procedure involves selective oxidative cleavage of the A-ring followed by lactam formation. A similar route allows the preparation of the 17-hydroxy compounds (VII) from the cyanhydrin (VI). -(XIA, P.; YANG, Z.; XIA, Y.; ZHANG, H.; ZHANG, K.; SUN, X.; CHEN, Y.; ZHENG, Y.; Heterocycles 47 (1998) 2, 703-716; Dep.