Adult Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum were incubated in vitro in media containing 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 micro g/ml flubendazole in order to study drug-derived effects. This incubation was done for 8 h and repeated (in some groups) after 24 h for another 8 h. The onset and intensity of flubendazole-derived effects were dosage-dependent and time-dependent, i.e. the same grade of damage was reached when incubating for a longer period at a low dosage or for a shorter period in medium containing a high amount (10 or 100 micro g/ml) of flubendazole. A repeated incubation in drug-containing medium was superior to a single exposure. Flubendazole is apparently able to penetrate into the worm's interior via the cuticle. This became evident in worms with sealed orifices, which showed identical damage to worms which were not sealed. The type of tissue damage due to flubendazole was identical in both worm species when exposed to any of the drug dosages used. The principal mode of action of flubendazole was based on the complete reduction of microtubuli-polymerisation inside the parasite's cells. This apparently led to the complete destruction of the hypodermis, muscle layer and intestine. Flubendazole also stopped the formation of gametes. Summarising, even low concentrations of flubendazole (0.1 micro g/ml) led to significant and irreversible damage in all worms studied.
Summary Staphylococcus hyicus (subspecies hyicus) was isolated as the only pathogenic organism from two independent cases of dermatitis of the lower parts of the limbs (grease heel) in horses. The organism was recovered together with other pathogenic staphylococci from similar conditions in two other horses of different origins. These conditions were characterised by epidermolysis, alopecia and crust formation. They responded quickly to antibiotic treatment. The organism was also isolated from a long standing case of “summer eczema” which healed without antibiotic treatment, and from a horse with dermatophilosis (streptotrichosis, Dermatophilus congolensis infection). Experimentally, Staph hyicus caused epidermolysis, exudation and inflammation in the superficial layers of the skin. Résumé Staphylococcus hyicus a été isolé et considéré comme l'unique agent pathogène, cause de deux cas distincts de dermatite de la partie inférieure des membranes chez le cheval (Mal de Blanc). On trouva cet agent avec d'autres staphylocoques pathogènes, chez deux autres chevaux. Les lésions comportaient une épidermolyse, une alopécie, des croûtes; elles cédèrent promptement à un traitement antibiotique. On isola également cet organisme d'un animal atteint “d'eczéma d‘été” qui guérit sous antibiotique; et d'un cheval atteint de Dermatophylose (Streptotricose, infection a Dermatophilus congolensis). Expérimentalement, Staph hyicus provoqua une épidermolyse, des exsudations et l'inflammation des couches superficielles de la peau. Zusammenfassung Staphylococcus hyicus (subsp hyicus) wurde als einziger pathogener Keim aus unabhängigen Fällen von Dermatitis der Gliedmassenenden (Mauken) bei Pferden isoliert. Der Keim wurde zusammen mit anderen pathogenen Staphylokokken aus vergleichbaren Veränderungen von zwei weiteren Pferden anderer Herkunft isoliert. Die Veränderungen bestanden in Epidermolysis, Alopezie und Krustenbildung. Sie sprachen gut auf antibiotische Behandlung an. Auch von einem hartnäckigen Fall von Sommerekzem konnte der Erreger isoliert werden — die Abheilung erfolgte ohne antibiotische Therapie — und von einem Pferd mit Dermatophilose (Streptotrichosis; Dermatophilus congolensis Infektion). Experimentell vermochte Staph hyicus Epidermolyse, Exsudation und Entzündung in den oberflächlichen Schichten der Haut hervorzurufen.
SUMMARY Cisapride was administered to 42 horses, treated surgically for colic, to prevent the occurrence of post operative ileus. The results of this treatment were beneficial. Only two horses showed gastric reflux in the post operative phase; borborygmi were detected within 3 h after surgery and defaecation within 24 h post operatively. These results were a marked improvement over the usual treatment, especially when colic was due to small intestinal pathology. When colic was related to large intestinal pathology, a less pronounced effect was observed.
Summary The concentration of potassium in plasma and in red blood cells was determined in 948 horses. The coefficient of correlation between the two parameters was low. In 436 of these horses, which were clinically healthy, the red blood cell potassium (RBCK+) levels did not fit within a normal distribution curve, but a bimodal distribution was observed with a section point at 90 mmol/litre. In 90 per cent of these normal horses, mean RBCK+ content was 97.5 mmol/litre. In the remaining 10 per cent, mean RBCK+ concentration was 93.8 mmol/litre. A subdivision into a ‘low potassium group’ and a ‘high potassium group’ was made. In 10 out of 15 horses in the ‘low potassium group’, bimonthly sampling over a period of one year showed that RBCK+ content remained low. In the remaining five horses an increase was observed.
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