The objective of the present work is to design sustained release matrix tablets of cefixime trihydrate by incorporating drug in a matrix made up of release retardant polymers, which prolong drug release leading to minimization of the peak and valley effect in the plasma and provide patient convenience. The effect of combination of polymers on parameters like release pattern, release mechanism of the drug were studied. Total nine formulations each containing 200 mg of drug were prepared by direct compression method. The formulations F-1, F-2, F-3 were prepared with a 1:1 drug to polymer ratio using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and ethyl cellulose. F-4 was prepared with a 1:1 ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, F-5 as prepared with a 1:1 ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and ethyl cellulose, F-6 was prepared with a 1:1 ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and ethyl cellulose, F-7, F-8, F-9 were prepared by using polymers hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and ethyl cellulose in the ratios of 0.5:0.5:1, 0.5:1:0.5, and 1:0.5:0.5. Designed matrix tablets were evaluated for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Formulation F-5 showed 102.15 % release at the end of 12 h and it is selected as the best formulation. All Formulations followed zero order with non-Fickian diffusion method.

The objective was to evaluate ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer membranes with vinyl acetate content of 18% w/w (EVA1802) for transdermal delivery of ondansetron hydrochloride. The EVA1802 membranes containing selected concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15% w/w) of PEG6000 were prepared, and subjected to in vitro permeation studies from a nerodilol-based drug reservoir. Flux of ondansetron from EVA1802 membranes without PEG6000 was 64.1 +/- 0.6 microg/cm(2.)h, and with 10%w/w of PEG6000 (EVA1802-PEG6000-10) it increased to 194.9 +/- 4.6 microg/cm(2.)h. However, with 15%w/w of PEG6000, EVA1802 membranes produced a burst release of drug which in turn decreased drug flux. The EVA1802-PEG6000-10 membrane was coated with an adhesive emulsion, applied to rat epidermis and subjected to in vitro permeation studies against controls. Flux of ondansetron from transdermal patch across rat epidermis was 111.7 +/- 1.3 microg/cm(2.)h, which is about 1.3 times the required flux. A TTS was fabricated using adhesive-coated EVA1802-PEG6000-10 membrane and other TTS components, and subjected to in vivo delivery in human volunteers against a control. It was concluded from the comparative pharmacokinetic study that TTS of ondansetron, prepared with EVA1802-PEG6000-10 membrane, provided average steady-state plasma concentration on par with multiple-dosed oral tablets, but with a low percent of peak-to-trough fluctuation.

Objective: To formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine hydrochloride (HCl) by sublimation technique. Methods:Initially superdisintegrant was selected and its concentration was optimized by pre-compression and post-compression parametric evaluation. Camphor and menthol were used as sublimating agents alone and in combination to mask the taste of drotaverine hydrochloride. Prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical evaluation, in vitro dissolution studies and fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies. Results:The optimised formulation DCM2 prepared with a mixture of camphor and menthol was characterised by fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies and found no incompatibility and no major shifts were noticed. Conclusion:The results demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl orally disintegrating tablets showed better taste masking. The present sublimation technique can be effectively used for taste masking and also for orally disintegrating tablets.

Janakidevi and Ramanamurthy: Development of Colon-targeted MicrospongesThe present study is aimed to develop and characterize microsponge-based novel colon-specific drug delivery systems containing 5-amino salicylic acid for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Initially, microsponges of 5-amino salicylic acid were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method using Eudragit RS100, Eudragit S100 and Eudragit L100. Different formulations of microsponges using three acid resistant polymers, Eudragit S100, Eudragit L100, Eudragit RS100 in drug:polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:0.5, 1:0.25 with each polymer were prepared and evaluated for physicochemical, morphological characteristics and in vitro parameters. Among these nine formulations, ES1, EL1 and ERS1 were selected, sieved and compressed into tablets, T-ES1, T-EL1, T-ERS1 and evaluated. Among the 3 batches of tablet formulations prepared, T-ES1 showed the best release rate for the drug, which followed zero order release kinetics with diffusion case-II transport mechanism.

The present investigation was done based on the many frequencies of drug taken orally per single day so, for altering the dose frequency of the drug delivery for the colonic diseases diclofenac sodium was loaded with the microsponges. The colonic targeted microsponges are prepared by acid resistant polymers such as eudragit L100, eudragit RS 100, eudragit EPO 100. These acid resistant polymers release the drug for controlled manner and site specific action. Diclofenac sodium was incorporated into microsponges which help in controlled release of the diclofenac sodium. The polymer used for the preparation of microsponges was useful in forming sponges in which drug was entrapped. FT-IR studies were performed and from the FT-IR spectra it was evident that there were no interactions between the diclofenac sodium and polymer. Formulations of microsponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique using eudragit L100, eudragit RS 100 and eudragit EPO 100 in various ratios such as (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:2). By using the 3 polymers 12 formulations were prepared from the 12 formulations 3 formulations were selected as optimized formulations based on the production yield(%),drug loading(%), encapsulating efficiency and in vitro drug release studies (90.4.7%). Hence, it was proposed that diclofenac sodium microsponges having porous structure and drug release is controlled by predetermined rate. By comparing these three formulations (L2, S3, EPO1) L2 formulation containing EL100 gives the best results.

The objective of the present work is to design sustained release matrix tablets of Cefixime Trihydrate by incorporating drug in a matrix made up of release retardant polymers, which prolongs the drug release leading to minimize the peak and valley effect in the plasma and provide patient convenience. The effect of combination of polymers on parameters like release pattern, release mechanism of the drug were studied. Total nine formulations each containing 200 mg of drug were prepared by direct compression method. The formulations F-1, F-2, F-3 were prepared 1:1 drug to polymer ratio using HPMC, sodium CMC and Ethyl cellulose. F-4 was prepared by 1:1 ratio of HPMC and sodium CMC ,F-5 was prepared by 1:1 ratio of HPMC and Ethyl cellulose, F-6 was prepared by in 1:1 ratio of sodium CMC and Ethyl cellulose, F-7, F-8, F-9 were prepared by using polymers HPMC, sodium CMC and Ethyl cellulose in the ratios of (0.5:0.5:1), (0.5:1:0.5), (1:0.5:0.5). Designed matrix tablets evaluated for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Formulation F-5(1:1 ratio of HPMC and Ethylcellulose) showed 102.15 % release at the end of 12 hours and it is selected as the best formulation. All Formulations follows zero order with nonfickian diffusion method.

Advancements in topical wound dressings led to the development of products to protect the wound and facilitate addressing special issues in healing and non-healing wounds. Rapidly growing interest in nanofiber research is leading to the development of potential candidates for wound dressing applications. Electrospinning nanofibers have been considered one of the effective materials in the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Nanofibers mimic the extracellular matrix with their structural similarities, high surface area, and porosity, thereby enabling the effective delivery of antimicrobial agents in the wound milieu. Chitosan, an excellent biopolymer, is offering versatile applications as electrospun nanofibers due to the presence of its inherent properties like nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial nature, as well as its efficiency towards re‐epithelialization and regeneration of the granular layer of the wounds. The current review discusses the design and strategies used in the development of electrospun chitosan nanofibers, as well as the limitations of these strategies. This article provides the most recent information on the fabrication of chitosan composite nanofibrous materials and their applications for wound healing.