Background and Objectives: Epistaxis is one of the common symptoms encountered in the Otorhinolaryngology department. Many times the cause for epistaxis is not found on anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of rigid nasal endoscope in the diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis, where normal anterior and posterior rhinoscopy did not reveal any specific finding.Methods: Fifty patients with epistaxis were studied using rigid nasal endoscope under local anaesthesia. Patients who were above 15 years with nasal bleeding and who were willing for rigid nasal endoscopy were included in the study. Patients less than 15 years were not included in the study because nasal endoscopy was difficult in them under local anaesthesia. Only those patients in whom, the cause for epistaxis could not be made out on anterior and posterior rhinoscopy were chosen for the study, this was done in order to remove the bias for nasal endoscopy.
Results:The use of the nasal endoscope allowed diagnosis of bleeding points and treating them directly. Epistaxis was more in male patients especially in the 3 rd and after the 5 th decade. On endoscopic examination,the bleeding points were identified as coming from the crevices of the lateral nasal wall, posterior spur on the septum, posterior deviation of the septum with ulcer, congested polyps, enlarged and congested adenoids, scabs or crusts in the crevices of the lateral nasal wall and angiofibroma. Endoscope also helps in the treatment of epistaxis, which includes endoscopic selective nasal packing using gelfoam, endoscopic cautery or diathermy and endoscopic polypectomy. Other patients with adenoids, scabs and crusts and angiofibroma were managed on their merits.
Interpretation and Conclusion:Nasal endoscopy helps not only in the localisation of the bleeding point but also in the treatment of those bleeding areas that are situated in the posterior and lateral part of the nose.
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanic membrane (TM) which forms the partition between external auditory canal and middle ear may be ruptured by trauma. Traumatic TM perforation is a commonly observed condition. Though, several therapeutic interventions have been described, conservative follow-up until spontaneous complete recovery is the most common choice.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a prospective cohort study conducted during a period of 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, carried out in 30 patients who presented to outpatient department of ENT and casualty of Hassan institute of medical sciences hospital with traumatic TM perforation. After taking informed consent, detailed history was taken, thorough examination of ear was performed and characteristics of perforation were noted. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was conducted, data was statistically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Mean age group was 33.1 years and 73.3% were males. Ear pain was the commonest symptom with accidental trauma being the most common cause. 70% of them had left TM perforation and posteroinferior quadrant was mostly involved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Traumatic TM perforation is commonly seen in young adults following accidental trauma and assault. Earache, sudden hearing loss and tinnitus are the common symptoms. Most of the cases heal spontaneously with conservative management.</p>
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