The Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) have been becoming suitable materials for many devices in the application of various fields like heavy equipment’s industry, automobile, aeronautics and etc. because of its excellent physical and structural characteristics. The research on AMMC dealt the effect of reinforcement such as fly-ash, SiC, Al2O3, Graphite, B4C, Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) on aluminium in different percentages. Every reinforcement has its own characteristics that enhance the base aluminium characteristics when added. By adding these types of reinforcement to metal base led to enhance the properties like wear resistance, stiffness, creep, tensile strength, fatigue, toughness, thermal conductivity, hardness in comparison with traditional approach on materials engineering. This review paper was aimed to give the detailed information about the impact of various reinforcements incorporated in matrix by illustrating its benefits and drawbacks. This extensive survey on AMMC could be useful to develop farther.

The aluminium is used for variety of reasons and they are known for their improved strength, stiffness, wear resistance which are useful in the marine, space, transport, automobile related industries. When aluminium reinforced with ceramic materials like fly ash, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, boron carbide, fired bricks then a composite of better plastic forming capability, excellent heat and wear resistance will be formed. The objective of the experiment is to assess the thermal and mechanical properties of the Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) when reinforced with ceramics. Aluminium (Al-7475) based metal matrix composites reinforced with varying weight percentage of Graphite(Gr) (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) and fly ash being constant (10wt%) by the stir casting process. The composites tensile strength and hardness improved with the amount of graphite content improved in weight percentage up to 9% then decreased. While the composite’s Thermal Conductivity(TC) and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion(CTE) varying temperature range from 50°Cto 300°C reduces with increase in weight percentage of the graphite content.

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Aim:An experimental pain model which is sensitive and reproducible would be a useful pharmacological tool both for existing and new drugs. The aim of the present study was to establish a simple and reliable method of producing experimental pain which can be used for screening of analgesic agents.Materials and Methods:The method was standardized by recording pain threshold and pain tolerance values in 24 healthy volunteers. Reproducibility of the test procedure was evaluated by recording the pain threshold and pain tolerance values by a single observer on two sessions (inter-day reproducibility), and second observer in one session (inter-observer reproducibility), separately. Validity of the model was further tested by evaluating the analgesic effect of tramadol in 12 healthy volunteers.Results:Cold pain model was found to produce low variability with coefficient of variation less than 15%. Inter-observer and inter-day reproducibility was very good as shown by Bland – Altman plot with most of the values within ± 2SD. Analgesic activity by Tramadol was statistically different from placebo (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The newly developed pain model offers a stable and sensitive method for the early assessment of analgesic activity.

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