"Bile reflux" is a common term to denote a process of placing duodenal contents in the stomach and/or lower oesophagus. It is most often associated with functional or organic failure of the pylorus and is a not uncommon postoperative condition after pyloric section, resection or by-passing. Gastrotoxicity of the replaced small intestinal mixture leading to lesions in gastric mucosal barrier, is caused by an increased ability to reabsorb hydrogen ions along with migration of blood proteins and electrolytes towards lumen of the stomach. Consequently, histamine secretion becomes increased, leading to inflammatory and haemorrhagic changes or ulcer niches. The aim of the study was to demonstrate histological and microscopic changes in the gastric mucosa following reflux and to determine if long-term exposure to refluxed duodenal contents will produce tumorous changes in the organs tested. Material and methods. The study consisted of 25 mature female Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Bile reflux to the stomach was produced experimentally by surgical drainage. Final evaluation was performed after 55 weeks. Results. Findings were as follows: gastric changes were noted in basal and parietal cells, no tumorous foci were found in histological samples. Slight morphological changes can be caused by short periods of gastric mucosa exposure to the gastrotoxic small intestinal mixture. Conclusions. Endogenous bile acids cause morphological changes in the stomach mucosa of rats. In particular, these changes affect the ultrastructure of basal and parietal cells. No neoplastic foci were found in the examined organs.
Experimental studies were undertaken, aiming at evaluation of lymphatic drainage from the peritoneal cavity to lymph nodes of the cranial mediastinum in rats. The study made use of 11 adult male Wistar rats. For examination of lymphatic structures drawing ink and FITC-dextran, administered intraperitoneally, were used. Due to lack of unambiguous terminology quoted in the literature with regard to the lymph nodes of the rats' cranial mediastinum, the authors' own nomenclature was suggested to introduce the notions of the medial mediastinal lymph node and the lateral mediastinal lymph node. After intraperitoneal markers' injection in each case bilateral lymphatic vessel was observed, emptying to the mediastinal nodes of the proper side. The inflow of the markers was observed in both medial mediastinal nodes or in both lateral mediastinal nodes or in all lymph nodes of the cranial mediastinum. We can conclude that the lymph outflow from the peritoneal cavity to the lymph nodes of the cranial mediastinum is always bilateral.
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