Regarding the calculation of the secondary scattering of the solar radiation from the clear sky, a modification of the theoretical formula of A. Hamm.ad and S. Chapman (Phil..Mag.1939) was done considering the effect of polarization cansed by primary scattering.A quantitative treatment became possible by the new formula in the vicinity of the zenith, that is, in the range from 0° to 45° of the zenith angle.
On the basis of solar radiation data of the Eppley 180°-pyranometer and the duration of sunshine of the Jordan: sunshine recorder on six staAiOns through a sevenvear period, we eXarnined the coefficients as -well as the correlation Coefficient of empirical regression lines of the form Q/Q0=a+b n/ N (where Q and Q0 are the monthly mean vojues of daily total amount of solar energy falling on a horizontal surface, each with and without the atmosphere respectively, and n/N denotes the ratio of measured duration of sunshine to maxime 'possible values of respective month) . Calculations were done from four points of view, that is monthly trend of each station, annual mean of each station, monthly trend of all the stations put together, and the total mean of the same.According to the results of calcutation, the correlation coefficients of the respective stations turned out to be higher than those.of the monthly trend of all stations, contrary to DAVIES' result (1965) on West Africa.Average and reduced atmospheric trasparency (t) as calculated by the equation tm=a+b (where in denotes the mean optical air mass of respective latitude) turned out to be 0. 79, which appears to be smaller than the value 0.83 of the previous paper of other authors.But when the difference of sensitivity between the two types of sunshine recorder i.e. of the Jordan type and the Campbell-Stokes type, is taken into, account and recalculated, it increased to 0. 83, just the same value of previous papers.Thus it is pointed out that 'different sensitivity between different types of sunshine recorders may be important in this sort of calculation.The mean values of a and b in Japan turned out to be 0.22 and 0. 52 respectively by the Jordan sunshine iecordei while they became 0.22 and 0., 57 after the correction corresponding to the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder.
Basing on data of global radiation both in total and spectral wavelengths on clear days from 1961 through 1971 the influence of pollution was discussed on the urban atmosphere of Tokyo.Decrease of radiation intensity by 10-15% during this period was noticed which may be attributed to the progress of air pollution in Tokyo.Correlations between various radiation data were calculated.Results showed a spatially homogeneous status in the central part of Tokyo. Infrared and visible data showed an extremely similar behaviour in contrast with the fact that ultraviolet radiation showed rather complex fluctuations.Correlation between radiation data and wind speed was calculated in varying wind directions. Results showed specific directional tendencies which indicated the influence of industrial areas as pollutant source.Some interpretations were given on the physics of the observed phenomena.
Records of daily total of solar radiation measured on a horizontal surface for consecutive three to seven years are available for about forty stations in Japan. Using these data, yearly and seasonal mean isopleths of solar radiation are drawn. In the results the following features are to be pointed out : 1) The distributions are affected by the meteorological factors rather than by latitude. 2) The amount of solar radiation is larger in the inland district than near the sea. 3) The minima of solar radiation in the Tokyo and Osaka districts are remarkable. 4) The seasonal variation of the amount of solar radiation is largest in summer and then in spring, autumn and winter in the order of magnitude. 5) The annual variations of solar radiation are mainly brought about by the conditions in summer.
A new type of spectrophotometer is designed for the measurement of the angular distribution of sky radiation in a monochromatic range and also for that of spectral distribution of direct solar radiation.
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