In this paper a 30 m long one-phase coaxial YBCO cable with 1 kA transport current and 10 kV operating voltage was designed for the Super3C project to check the feasibility of YBCO tapes for low-loss cables. The final design incorporates cryogenic, mechanical and electromagnetic aspects. The electromagnetic losses during normal operation must be minimized. The cryogenic design must also take into account the generation of heat during short circuit conditions. Mechanical restrictions set the minimum gaps between the coated conductor tapes and the minimum lay angles in order to make the cabling feasible and to enable handling of the cable. The design of the electric insulation should be according to the international standard as far as applicable. The final design has to take into account all of the above restrictions.
Superconducting fault current limiters (SCFCLs) are new and attractive devices to limit short-circuit currents in power systems. In recent years, the technical feasibility of SCFCLs in medium voltage applications was successfully demonstrated in several field tests.In high voltage power systems the application of SCFCLs is very attractive too, because at this voltage level conventional devices to limit short-circuit currents are hardly applicable and system studies showed considerable economical benefits. Therefore, a German project started recently to develop a first 110 kV, 1.8 kA prototype of a resistive SCFCL. A magnetic triggered resistive concept using MCP-BSCCO 2212 bulk material will be used for the demonstrator.This paper reports about the conceptual design of this SCFCL and the project status. Focus is given on the main data of the 110 kV prototype, the SCFCL modules, the general design of the whole system and the most important high voltage design aspects. The calculations and estimations show that the conceptual design presented in this paper seems feasible and that a major technical challenge is to ensure a reliable electrical insulation system.
For more than 30 years LNG ship to ship loading has been addressed by several Gas operators. One of the main technical challenges that have been identified has been how to extend and combine the proven technologies of static small bore diameter cryogenic piping and offshore ship to ship transfer of oil to large diameter offshore LNG transfer.
In the last years the market has pushed for flexible piping suitable for LNG offshore loading systems, and the industry has responded with different technical solutions based on very different design criteria. In this paper the basic requirements for a
LNG offshore loading system are presented. As a minimum the requirement of the European code prEN 1474 - II is quoted.
Design Classification of LNG Flexible Pipes
Today there are two completely different flexible pipes designs existing on the market, both are proven in their applicationsComposite hosesFlexible metal pipes based on corrugated stainless steel pipes (sometimes called " bellows?? although not necessarily based on the bellows technology, which is in principle limited in length)
The composite hose is a proven technology for a wide range of applications, amongst others the offshore loading of all kind of ambient temperature liquids. In the LNG business they are available as emergency unloading hoses.
The flexible metal pipe has been used in smaller diameters for more than 30 years for all kind of cryogenic applications, transfer lines for Liquid Nitrogen, Helium and even Hydrogen and Oxygen.
So for both design options, the LNG ship to ship loading is a new application of a well known technology
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