Biofertilizers are becoming increasingly popular in many countries and for many crops, but very few studies on their effect on growth in seedling stage have been conducted in rice. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions due to organic manure, fertilizers and bio fertilizers were observed in all experiments. The treatments such as organic manure, chemical fertilizers and Biofertilizers alone and in combination were applied. The growth parameters viz. germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Similarly the pigment contents such as chlorophyll-a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were also measured at seventh day after sowing. All the parameters were higher in combined application of Biofertilizers than in single application and other treatments including control.
Chromium is a heavy metal; this element is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Chromium along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Paddy plant (Oryza sativa L). Thus, paddy seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Cr (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and Biochemicals ,accumulation of nutrients along with Cr in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. Similarly the biochemicals and nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of chromium. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
Heavy metals are the metals having a density at least five times more than that of water. They are normally regarded as ones having an atomic number of 22-92.The effects of different concentration (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l) of arsenic and manganese on germination, root growth and cell division in root tips of green gram (Vigna radiata.L) were studied. The inhibition of germination and root growth was noticed at higher concentrations of Arsenic and manganese. Arsenic had more toxic effect than manganese on the root tip cells of greengram during mitosis. Chromosome stickness implied the high toxicity of arsenic and manganese. The results also indicated that the germination percentage and root length was gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of both heavy metals.Keywords: Arsenic, manganese, cell division, growth.
ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ واﻧﻘﺴﺎم اﻟﺠﺬور ﻧﻤﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ واﻟﻤﻨﻐﻨﻴﺰ اﻟﺰرﻧﻴﺦ أﺛﺮ ﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺬور ﺧﻼﻳﺎ(Vigna radiata L.) اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﻏﺮام
The recent experiment was conducted to assess the effect of herbicide (quizalafop-p-ethyl) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, enzymes and yield of Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) during the summer season 2013-2014. This experiment comprised black gram (variety ADT 3) and different concentrations of herbicide (quizalafop-p-ethyl) treatments compared with control. Reduction in growth, photosynthetic pigments, enzymes and yield parameters were observed with 0.5 % herbicide application followed by 1 %, 1.5 % and 2 %, out of all treatments 0.5 % shows least reduction. Thus, 0.5 % herbicide application is the safest way for weed control in Black gram field as it showed least adverse effect on growth, photosynthetic pigments, enzymes and yield of crop when compared with other treatments.
The chemical compounds have been reported to be exuded by plants and their inhibitory effects of other plants. The research work was carried out to study the allelopathic effect of root, bark and leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica L. on the seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Germination studies were conducted in laboratory, the bhendi seeds treated with the root, bark and leaf extracts of Neem. On the seventh day the morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigment and biochemical contents were analysed. The result showed that the rate of germination of bhendi decreased in all Azadirachta indica L. extracts. The reduction in biochemical contents of bhendi was also noted. The highest rate of germination was observed in control (distilled water) treatment and the highest rate of inhibition was observed in root extract followed by bark and leaf extracts.
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