Marine Protected Areas (MPA) is an area that potentially poses stress from outside such as human activities and ocean pollution. One of the global issues that threat ecosystems include MPA is ocean debris. The aim of this paper is to assess vulnerability of MPA based on the trajectory of debris affected by oceanographic condition. Three MPAs were chosen in the Java Sea region including: Seribu Islands National Parks, Biawak Island Conservation Area, and Karimunjawa Islands National Parks. The data provided by The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model surface current and Global Forecast System surface wind were used to determine the trajectory of the debris. We simulate the ocean condition in two monsoons. The results showed that debris floating around the MPAs have a potential of reaching beaches inside the MPAs and have different patterns between the monsoon. Furthermore, in Seribu Islands and Karimunjawa Islands which are designated as National Parks, the debris managed to land in the most crucial zones, Core Zone and Buffer Zone. Modelling of marine debris, such as the one used in this study can be used to inform authorities regarding the landing points of floating debris to create better management decisions in battling global marine debris issues.
Marine instrumentation is used to make optimal use of natural resources in the marine sector in the form of storing oceanographic characteristics data. This research aims to evaluate a new Lagrangian instrument called RHEA, developed by the Marine Research Laboratory, Padjadjaran University. This research was conducted by examining the correction factors contained in the RHEA from the mechanical and electronic side to optimize the work and carry out appropriate validation of the oceanographic parameter data. The method used is by studying marine instrument literature and conducting a series of tests on the tool until it is ready for use at sea. The output of this research is in the form of literature on how the device works to be effective and efficient in collecting data about certain oceanographic factors. The result shows that RHEA has various functions: measuring pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, and salinity in real-time time. This instrument needs to be slightly modified again related to its design so that it can be more optimal when measuring oceanographic parameter data. In addition, in terms of data acquisition, it is necessary to improve the electronic components by replacing or adding several parts so that the data obtained can have high accuracy.
The surrounding waters strongly influence the waters of North Maluku. These waters are the entrance gate for ARLINDO, which is directly related to the Pacific Ocean. To produce scientific knowledge, our study aims to determine the influence of oceanographic factors on the distribution of sea surface temperatures (SST) and wind pattern, which affects the rainfall throughout the west monsoon and transitional seasons in the Indonesian region literacy. We used data from ERDDAP, where SST data was processed using Ocean Data View and wind data using WRPLOT. The SST of North Maluku waters during October 2020-April 2021 ranges from 29.1°C-29.8°C, with the highest sea surface temperature, was seen during November-December 2020 and April 2021. The result demonstrates the highest rainfall data was in February 2021 and the dominant winds come from north and west. These winds bring water vapor particles that become convective clouds that increase rainfall in Indonesia, especially in the eastern region. Meanwhile, SST originating from the Pacific Ocean moved due to the Walker Circulation from the east. This further caused the SST from the Pacific Ocean that brought a warm water move towards Indonesian waters.
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