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Background and Objectives Postpartum hemorrhage is the single largest and leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the scope of using prophylactic intramuscular carboprost tromethamine 125 lg in comparison with intramuscular oxytocin 10 units for the active management of third stage of labor. Materials and Methods Two hundred pregnant women at term with spontaneous onset of labor were included in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 100 women each. Group A and group B were given injection oxytocin 10 units and injection carboprost tromethamine 125 lg intramuscularly, respectively, at the time of delivery of anterior shoulder. The main outcome measures with respect to third stage of labor were: duration, blood loss by volume, difference in hemoglobin, need for additional oxytocics and side effects. Results Subjects who received carboprost tromethamine 125 lg showed a significant reduction in duration of third stage of labor (p \ 0.05) and blood loss (p \ 0.01) when compared to the subjects who received oxytocin 10 units.

Background: The present study was conducted to study the knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraception (EC) among the practicing gynecologists. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the help of predesigned questionnaire among the members of local obstetrics and gynecological society. The questionnaire included questions regarding basic knowledge, misconception and attitude towards use of emergency contraception. Results: Results were analyzed using 124 fully completed questionnaires. Majority of them were female gynecologists (72%). About 84% were not offering EC routinely nor did they advice the same to their clients. All the participants were aware of levonorgestrel (LNG) being used for EC. Only about 64% of them answered correctly about the dosage and timing of initiation of EC. About 12% of the participant gynecologists believed that EC is a form of abortion. Fifty eight percent of the respondents believed that it promotes the irresponsible and promiscuous behavior in the clients and 60% felt that it is targeted mainly at unmarried adolescents and may undermine the parental authority and community morals, which show a strong misconception even among the gynecologists. About 54% believed that women/couples may stop using the regular contraception if it is easily available. About 10% felt that it is not safe to use EC. Conclusions: There is a great paucity of knowledge regarding the use of EC not only among the general public and clients, but also among the service providers and health professionals. This study concluded that there is lack of awareness and certain misconceptions about the use of EC even among the gynecologists, which has resulted in underutilization of EC. There is an urgent need for sensitizing all sections of people about EC through appropriate programs for curbing the population.

Background: Typically, oxytocin is used to induce uterine contractions during caesarean delivery. The intravenous administration of oxytocin is known to have negative side effects, including tachycardia, hypotension, and alterations in electrocardiograms (EKGs), which can be harmful in high-risk patients. In this study, we contrasted the outcomes of two oxytocin dosages. Methods: A total of 70 patients—35 in each group—were receiving an I.V. bolus of 2 or 5 units of oxytocin while undergoing elective caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia. An hourly infusion of ve units of oxytocin was then administered. Evaluation of uterine tone, the need for further uterotonic drugs, changes in hemodynamics, and adverse pharmacological effects were compared between the two groups. Results: The two groups' patients had similar characteristics. At two minutes, uterine tone ratings remained similar. The difference between the two groups at the fth minute was statistically signicant. At the fth minute, there was a substantial change in the clinically acceptable uterine tone measured over the entire trial time. At the rst minute, the percentage rise in the mean maternal HR was observed to differ signicantly (p=0.002). No signicant difference in maternal tachycardia existed across the groups. When the systolic blood pressure was compared to the baseline at 1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 18, and 21 minutes, there was a discernible difference in the percent drop. There was a noticeable difference in the diastolic blood pressure during the entire trial period. Only few cases had side effects like nausea and vomiting, there was no appreciable difference. Conclusion: In healthy adult women having an elective caesarean section, a 2-unit oxytocin bolus followed by an infusion of 5 units per hour had a positive effectiveness and safety prole.

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