The growth of Ni deposited at room temperature on a Cu͑001͒ surface was studied by low energy electron diffraction ͑LEED͒. For ultrathin Ni films, ranging from 1 monolayer ͑ML͒ to 3 ML, subsurface Ni layers below a 1 ML thick Cu surface layer were found to give the best fit to LEED I/V ͑intensity versus beam voltage͒ characteristics. For 1 ML thick Ni film, first-principles calculation also predicted that subsurface growth of Ni film was favored energetically to overlayer growth. As the film thickness increased, however, the reliability factor became worse. This indicated that the structure gradually deviated from the ideal subsurface Ni layer below 1 ML surface Cu. The deviation was possibly caused by the increasing disorder in the atomic structure and/or in the chemical homogeneity near the surface. ͓S0163-1829͑97͒03112-3͔

The objective of this study was to find the musculoskeletal stress problems at chicken farms in Korea. One typical chicken farm was surveyed in this study. NLE (NIOSH Lifting Equation), REBA(Rapid Entire Body Assessment), and OWAS(Ovako Working Analysis System) were used to evaluate the extent of the musculoskeletal stress. It was found that there were some tasks which required fast innovation. It was also found that the RWL (Recommended Weight of Lift) was 4.6 Kg. that was lower than weights which were handled by these workers.

This paper presents the current status of Ergonomics in Korea by analyzing the papers published in the area of Ergonomics in the country and predicts the direction of Ergonomics in 21st century in Korea.