Acceptance of Ayurveda is increasing in the society because of disclosure of its strong fundamental concepts and holistic approach. As a result, demand of Ayurvedic medicines are increasing day by day which results in the unprecedented requirement and depletion of raw materials, especially those of herbal origin. This depletion of herbs along with ignorance of herbal drug collectors from wild sources causes adulteration of drugs. Misinterpretation of Sanskrit slokas from classical texts also plays an important role. Adulteration of raw materials adversely affects the safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic preparations. Therefore standardization and documentation is essential to ensure the genunity of ayurvedic drugs. Identification and Authentication of medicinal plants are normally done by different methods like organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic and chemical characters. Among them, microscopic techniques are one of the most important methods. The present work reveals the various microscopic characters to determine their authentication, genuity etc.
Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique was employed to determine the elemental concentration in leaves of 5 medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The samples were exited using a 2 MeV proton beam obtained from 3 MeV pelletron accelerator at IOP, Bhubaneswar, India. The plant species were found to contain reasonable amounts of potassium and calcium along with other trace elements su ch as Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, and Sr. The element vanadium was found in only one sample. All the samples under study contained very small amounts of chromium and lead. It is found that the concentration of the same element varies considerably with respect to conditions in which they grow.
An antimicrobial validatory screening of short nosed tripod fish Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786) collected from the Visakhapatnam coastal waters, India is done in such a way T. biaculeatus muscle extracts were subjected for antimicrobial assay. Antimicrobial screening assay was done in five bacterial pathogens viz., Escherichia coli (MTCC-443), Salmonella typhi (MTCC-421), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-2295), Vibrio cholera (MTCC-459) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-3160) using the standard well diffusion method. The results confirmed a positive test against most of the pathogens used. Maximum antimicrobial effect against Vibrio cholera of 3.8mm in diameter is reported. The present investigation has revealed that positive progresses in the fish (T. biaculeatus) muscle extracts against human pathogens.
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