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Aim:To study the alteration of major milk components such as milk fat, protein, lactose, solid not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) and their association with different degree of intra-mammary inflammation (IMI) in Jaffrabadi buffaloes.Materials and Methods:Milk samples (n=1516) were collected from Jaffrabadi buffaloes separately from each quarter. Milk samples were analyzed for milk fat, protein, lactose, SNF and TS percent on the same day using milk analyzer “LACTOSCAN.” Milk samples were checked for IMI by California mastitis test (CMT), and the results were expressed as negative (0), +, ++, and +++ CMT score. The traits of milk components which showed significant difference (p<0.05) between samples from inflamed and non-inflamed quarters were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to see the accuracy and degree of association with IMI.Results:Among several milk components, milk protein and lactose percent showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between milk samples from normal and inflamed quarters. Though, during the early stage of mammary gland inflammation milk protein percent remained significantly high (p<0.05), later with an increase in the degree of severity of inflammation it did not show any difference. Milk samples from normal udder quarters had significantly higher lactose percent than inflamed quarters (p<0.05). Milk lactose percent decreased gradually with an increase in the degree of severity of inflammation. ROC analysis revealed that milk samples having lactose content below the threshold values had significantly higher chances to come from inflamed udder quarters (p<0.05). Though, the value of the area under curve (AUC) indicated that milk lactose was significantly associated with IMI (p<0.05), the accuracy was moderate (AUC=0.71-0.75).Conclusions:The results of the present study indicated that milk lactose percent gradually and significantly reduced during IMI and can be used as a marker for identification of IMI in buffaloes. However, ROC analysis further confirmed that using milk lactose IMI can be identified with moderate accuracy.

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a simple statistical tool used to classify a diagnostic indicator in terms of area under a ROC curve (AUC) and to develop potential threshold values of a diagnostic indicator. Milk lactose was analyzed by ROC analysis to see its accuracy to discriminate infected and healthy udder quarters, and to develope an optimum threshold value along with corresponding sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) value. Data for the present study comprised of 1516 milk samples collected from Jaffrabadi buffaloes. Milk lactose was estimated by milk analyzer 'LACTOSCAN' and further samples were checked for sub-clinical mastitis by California mastitis test (CMT). The threshold values of milk lactose for identification of moderate and severe infection were found to be 5.31g% (Se, 58.82%; Sp, 58.28%) and 5.23g% (Se, 70.97%; Sp, 64.41%), respectively by ROC analysis. Milk samples with lactose content below 5.31g% were 1.41 times more likely come from moderately infected quarters (LR+ = 1.41); whereas, below 5.23g% were 1.99 times more likely come from severely infected quarters (LR+ = 1.99). The overall accuracy of milk lactose for discrimination of normal quarters from moderately infected quarters was 64% (AUC=0.64) and from severely infected quarters was 72% (AUC=0.72) (P<0.001). Thus, the present study indicated that milk lactose classified mastitic and healthy udder quarters in Jaffrabadi buffaloes with moderate accuracy.

Article Info Weeks Yellow (n=25) Black (n=25) Stripped (n=25) Overall (n=75) Body weight (g) 2 nd week 368.84±6.53 375.32±8.57 372.60±6.31 372.25±4.12 4 th week 1021.76±21.93 1043.40±22.82 1020.04±17.87 1028.40±12.01 6 th week 1716.00±45.83 1728.44±43.41 1708.80±38.52 1717.75±24.33 Daily gain (g/day) 0-2 week 23.18±0.44 23.69±0.59 23.41±0.44 23.43±0.28 2-4 week 46.64±1.27 47.72±1.19 46.25±0.99 46.87±0.66 4-6 week 49.59±1.84 48.93±1.80 49.20±1.67 49.24±1.01 Chick length (cm) 2 nd week 33.60±0.21 33.25±0.27 33.70±0.20 33.52±0.13 4 th week 47.36±0.32 48.02±0.26 48.07±0.29 47.82±0.17 6 th week 57.92±0.46 58.22±0.37 58.76±0.37 58.30±0.23 Weight: Length 2 (g/cm 2 ) 2 nd week 0.326±0.004 0.340±0.008 0.328±0.006 0.331±0.004 4 th week 0.455±0.007 0.451±0.006 0.441±0.005 0.449±0.004 6 th week 0.509±0.008 0.508±0.008 0.494±0.007 0.504±0.005 Shank length (cm) 2 nd week 5.65±0.07 ab 5.50±0.09 a 5.74±0.05 b 5.63±0.04* 4 th week

An experiment was conducted to evaluate supplementation of rumen protected LYS (lysine) and MET (methionine) on hematological and hormonal profile in Jaffrabadi buffalo heifers. Eighteen buffalo heifers of Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University receiving either of the dietary treatments for a period of 180 days: T 1-DCP requirement met through Concentrate mixture, T 2-DCP requirement through cottonseed cake and concentrate mixture (50:50) and T 3-In addition to DCP requirement through concentrate mixture with supplementation of rumen bypass LYS and MET @ 5.0 g and 2.5 g/day/anima, respectively. Mean RBC (red blood cell), WBC (white blood cell), HB (haemoglobin), MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCHC (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration), MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin), PLT (total platelets), PCT and HCT (hematocrit / packed cell value) values were analysed. Also Plasma Estradiol and progesterone concentration was estimated by employing standard Radio Immuno Assay (R.I.A.) technique. Treatment and period has no effect in influencing the hematological values of experimental Jaffrabadi buffalo heifers. Mean values for the entire periods for Estradiol (pg/ml) and Progesterone (ng/ml) were 22.61±4.18, 22.28±3.59, 31.00±9.03; 0.24±0.05, 0.15±0.03 and 0.20±0.06. There was no clear cut trend in T 1 and T 2 but however, in T 3 there was a linear response with regard to Estradiol level. Treatment effect was non-significant (P>0.05) at 0, 90, 180 days levels on plasma concentration of Estradiol and Progesterone. By pass LYS and MET have no effect on haematological and hormonal parameters in Jaffrabadi heifers with these feeding supplements.

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