Aim:The study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of Demirjian method and its comparison with Indian formulas for estimation of dental age in subjects attending a dental school in South India.Materials and Methods:A total of 250 individuals (130 males and 120 females) between 7 and 18 years, with orthopantamographs were included in the study. Chronological age was recorded based on subject's date of birth. Dental age was estimated using Demirjian's and Indian formulas. All the data obtained was entered into spreadsheet and subjected to statistical analysis.Results:The mean chronological age of the study sample was 12.39 ± 3.32 years; while the mean age obtained from Demirjian's method and Indian-specific regression formula were 11.56 ± 3.17 years and 14.20 ± 3.24 years, respectively. In the present study, the Demirjian's method under estimated dental age by 0.84 years in males and 0.83 years in females (P < 0.05). Indian-specific regression formulas overestimated dental age by 1.72 years in males and 1.91 years in females (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The published Demirjian's and Indian-specific regression formulas are not applicable to the present study group. Hence population-specific cubic regression formulas were developed for males and females in Bhimavaram town (South India).
Background: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is a postpartum family planning method which provides spacing to the next pregnancy and also it helps to avoid unwanted / unintended pregnancy during postpartum period. Our aim is to study the willingness and PPIUCD acceptance between primiparaous and multiparaous women and compare them as a factor of route of insertion (vaginal versus caesarean). Methods: 1060 vaginal and caesarean deliveries conducted over a period of three months and 676 PPUCD insertions was done among the deliveries in a tertiary care hospital. A comparative cross-sectional study was done on the acceptance of PPIUCD by postpartum mothers between primiparous and multipararous women among the deliveries for the study period. Results: The proportion of willingness for PPIUCD was 68.8% among the postpartum mothers. The percentage of acceptance of PPIUCD was 73.8% and 51.4% in respect of primiparous and multiparous postpartum mothers. The route of PPIUCD insertion was more in caesarean deliveries (34.1%) than in vaginal deliveries (29.7%) in the total deliveries. The PPIUCD insertion in primiparous women was effective and statistically significant at p-value is <0.05. Conclusions: PPIUCD is a strong weapon in the family planning and should be encouraged in both vaginal and caesarean deliveries. The acceptability of PPIUCD by postpartum mothers was more in primiparous than in multiparous women.
BACKGROUNDTeenage pregnancy is upcoming as one of the most important social and public health problem all over the world. In the present study, we have evaluated the maternal and foetal outcomes of teenage pregnancy in a tertiary teaching hospital over a period of one year.The objective of the study is to evaluate the maternal, foetal and neonatal outcomes of teenage pregnancy in a tertiary care teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective study was undertaken for a period of one year at KIMS, a tertiary care teaching hospital in a rural area, where on an average 3000 deliveries per year take place. Data was retrieved from hospital records. All teenage mothers aged 13-19 years were included in the study. RESULTSIn this study, 626 (18.79%) cases of teenage mothers were recorded out of 3330 antenatal cases. Majority of teenagers were primigravida (79.23%) and multigravida 20.76%. Antenatal care was nil or inadequate in 32% of cases. Majority of the mothers were of low socioeconomic status. Complications like pregnancy-induced hypertension (11.5%), premature onset of labour (5.75%), anaemia (23.64%), others like gestational diabetes mellitus, etc. (2.56%) were noted. 25.88% underwent lower segment caesarean section, the most common indication was cephalopelvic disproportion (45.68%). 5% of babies delivered to teenage mothers had higher risk of low Apgar at 5 minutes. Neonatal morbidities like asphyxia, jaundice, respiratory distress were recorded in 14% of neonates and babies were more prone to neonatal intensive care unit admissions. CONCLUSIONTeenage pregnancy was associated with high risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, eclampsia, premature onset of labour and foetal deaths. High risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality were also seen. Adequate antenatal care reduces the adverse pregnancy outcome in these mothers.
Multiple Mixes have been proposed to have multitudinous uses including their use for improvement of bioavailability or as a dragged medicine delivery system. But the essential insecurity of this system needs to be overcome before they find implicit operation in medicinals. Multiple mixes are frequently stabilized using a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants. The rate of these surfactants is important in achieving stable multiple mixes. The purpose of the study was to prepare a stable multiple conflation containing a skin anti-aging agent and using paraffin oil emulsion. Vitamin C, was incorporated into the inner waterless phase of water- in- oil emulsion- in- water (w/ o/ w) multiple conflation at a attention of 1. Multiple conflation was prepared by two step system. Stability studies were performed at different accelerated conditions, i.e. 8°C (in refrigerator), 25°C (in roaster), 40°C(in roaster), and 40°C at 75 RH (in stability cabin) for 28 days to prognosticate the stability of phrasings. The ideal of this study was to prepare multiple conflation of Ascorbic acid by two step emulsification using different non-ionic surfactants, Tweens and Agar, and estimate for stability, chance medicine ruse. The study concluded that stable multiple conflation with high ruse effectiveness can be prepared by two step emulsification system using agar- agar primary emulsifier and Tween 80 as secondary emulsifier. F2 formulation is the best formulation than the F1 and F3 formulations based on phase separation and other tests.
Background: The most common permanent method of family planning accepted in India is female tubal sterilization as it has a very low failure rate of 0.1- 0.8% in the first year and over all pregnancy chances of 1 in 200. It can be done by open method but laparoscopic method has now gained wide popularity.Methods: Ours was a retrospective study of post female sterilization failure cases admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital within a 10 year time period between April 2007 and March 2017.Results: Over a decade we had 134 post sterilization failures. 71 patients presented with intrauterine pregnancy whereas 63 presented as ectopic pregnancy following sterilization. Majority of patients belonged to 26-30 year age group and the median age was 28 years. 40.3% ectopic presented at 5-6 weeks gestational age. Over 90% of sterilization failures were done by open method and around 35.8% were done during caesarean section. Around 65.0 % sterilization failures were seen within 5 years of sterilization but 2 patients presented as late as 17 years post sterilization. In four cases (3%) failure was due to improper surgical procedure.Conclusions: Female sterilization may result in failure even after years of sterilization. In the present study, pregnancy after sterilization is higher in the youngest age group (15-30) years than for the age group (31-35) years and stabilized in the oldest age group (36-49) years. Open sterilization had a higher failure rate than laparoscopic sterilization. The most common mode of sterilization failure was intrauterine pregnancy than the ectopic pregnancy and it was almost equal to each other. Therefore, patients undergoing sterilization must be counselled about chances of failure; even though it is a permanent method, and to consult immediately if missed period else at a later stage they may go in for rupture ectopic leading to high maternal morbidity and mortality.
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