The purpose of the study was to estimate such adaptability parameters, as a linear regression coefficient, stress resistance, genetic flexibility and stability coefficient, according to the traits “green mass productivity” and “dry matter productivity”. The objects of the study were 6 sainfoin varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy”. The variety ‘Zernogradsky 2’ was taken as the standard one. Sowing was carried out in the spring with the SSFC-7 seeder in its pure form, without a cover crop. A seeding rate was 5 million germinated seeds per 1 ha. The area of the plot was 20 m2, with fourfold repetition. The estimation according to the indicators of ecological adaptability was performed according to the S. A. Eberchart and W. A. Russel (1966) as presented by V. A. Zykina et al. (2011), calculation of stress resistance and genetic flexibility was established according to A.A. Goncharenko (2005). The results of the analysis of variance have shown a significant influence of factor B (conditions) both on the variability of productivity of green mass (79.12 %) and dry matter (75.38 %). All the studied sainfoin varieties according to the years and sowing significantly exceeded the indicators of the standard variety. The most productive of them, the new variety ‘Atamansky 20’, formed on average 30.9 t/ha of green mass and 8.3 t/ha of dry mass, with fluctuations over the years, respectively, 24.8–44.9 t/ha and 6.4 –12.1 t/ha. The sainfoin varieties differ in the response of green and dry mass productivity to changing environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Zernogradsky 2’, ‘Atamansky’ and ‘Atamansky 20’ demand to improve conditions when cultivated for green feed and hay (bi > 1), while the varieties ‘Veles’, ‘Sudar’ and ‘Shuravi’ respond less well to improved environmental conditions and are more adaptable (bi < 1). The varieties ‘Veles’, ‘Sudar’ and ‘Shuravi’ are highly resistant to stress, while the varieties Zernogradsky 2’, ‘Atamansky’ and ‘Atamansky 20’ have a narrower range of adaptive capabilities of stress resistance. A higher correspondence between a genotype and environmental factors and high genetic flexibility were found in the variety ‘Atamansky 20’.
The current paper has presented the estimation results of productivity, feed quality and bioenergetic efficiency of cultivation of the sainfoin varieties and promising lines. The study was carried out at the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» in 2019–2022. The objects of the study were 5 sainfoin varieties included in the State List and approved for use in different regions of Russia, one variety, which is currently on the State Variety Testing, and three promising lines. The standard variety was ‘Zernogradsky 2’. For 4 years the sainfoin varieties, included in the List, exceeded the standard variety on 8.3–17.4 % of green mass yield, on 5.4–10.8 % of dry matter, on 6.8–13.9 % of seeds. The variety ‘Atamansky 20’ and promising lines exceeded the standard on 17.8–23.4 %, 23.0–29.7 % and 16.7–31.0 %, respec tively. The sainfoin varieties and lines significantly exceeded the standard variety in their nutritional value. These indicators were the highest in the line ‘Sin 3/2004’ and amounted to 5.610 thousand/ha f.u., 1.59 t/ha of crude and 990 kg/ha of digestible protein. The varieties ‘Atamansky’, ‘Veles’, ‘Sudar’ and ‘Shuravi’ accumulated energy on 8.5–16.5 % more than the standard variety with green mass productivity, net energy income exceeded that of the standard variety on 9.1–17.7 %. The promising lines produced on 21.2–23.6 % more energy with vegetative mass harvesting than the standard variety. The coefficients of energy efficiency of the varieties and promising lines were 3.4–3.6. With seed yields, sainfoin varieties and promising lines accumulated energy on 6.5–31.1 % more than the standard variety. At the same time, net energy income was higher on 16.3–83.5 %, and the CEE was 1.7–2.2.
The purpose of the current study was to estimate the economic and biological characteristics and properties of a new, highly productive sainfoin variety resistant to various stressful conditions. The study was carried out as part of the Зерновое хозяйство России № 1(79)’ 2022 47 competitive variety testing of the laboratory for breeding and seed production of perennial grass of the “ARC “Donskoy” in 2018–2021. The experimental sowing for the competitive variety testing was done in spring, with a seeding rate of 4 million germinated seeds per ha. The area of plots was 25 m2 , 4–6 times of repetition. There has been identified the new sainfoin variety ‘Atamansky 20’, an artificial synthetic population obtained by the methods of individual family selection and poly-crossing of the varieties ‘Atamansky’, ‘Zernogradsky 2’ and ‘Veles’. The variety belongs to the sandy species. The sainfoin variety ‘Atamansky 20’ during the years of competitive variety testing significantly exceeded the standard variety ‘Zernogradsky 2’. The green mass productivity of the variety ‘Atamansky 20’ was higher than that of the standard variety on 4.5 t/ha, dry matter on 1.4 t/ha, seeds on 0.14 t/ha, or on 17.1%, 20.6% and 21.2%, respectively. According to raw and digestible protein percentage per hectare, the sainfoin variety ‘Atamansky 20’ exceeded the standard one on 20.1% and 25.7%, respectively; gross energy yield on 12.3%. When using the sainfoin variety ‘Atamansky 20’ as a green manure crop there can be used an average of 297 kg/ha N, 65 kg/ha P2 O5 , 159 kg/ha K2 O, which is respectively on 32%, 27% and 30% more than used when the green mass of ‘Zernogradsky 2’ is applied into the soil.
The current paper has presented the estimation results of ecological adaptability of the alfalfa samples. The purpose of the work was to assess the productivity and quality of green mass of the alfalfa samples from the IPI plant genetic resources gene bank and to identify the most adaptive ones according to the trait ‘green mass productivity’ and ‘raw protein percentage’. The study of the collection alfalfa samples was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region on the plots of the “ARC “Donskoy” in the breeding crop rotation of perennial grasses in 2016–2018. The objects of study were 30 alfalfa samples from the collection of N.I. Vavilov IPI from different countries (Canada, the USA, Peru, France). The variety ‘Rostovskaya 90’ was used as a standard one. The estimation of alfalfa samples on the presence of adaptive properties in them according to the trait ‘green mass productivity’ showed that the most valuable samples in present practical breeding work are the samples ‘K-32873’, ‘K-33299’, ‘K-42684’, ‘K-42249’, ‘K-78803’ with weak responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions; the samples ‘K-36104’, ‘K-48778’, ‘K-42694’, ‘K-45715’, ‘K-47800’, ‘K-47802’, ‘K-43260’ with high resistance to stress; the samples ‘K-43272’, ‘K-50545’, ‘K-47806’, ‘K-47807’ with genetically flexible genotypes. When breeding according to the trait ‘raw protein percentage’, the samples ‘K-47807’, ‘K-47804’, ‘K-42712’ possessing a high raw protein percentage and resistance to changes in this trait are important for further work.
Alfalfa is a perennial legume that plays an important role in feed production. The high demand for alfalfa all over the world, including the Russian Federation, results in the necessity to develop new high-yielding varieties with high quality feed. The purpose of the current study was the morpho-biological analysis of 198 alfalfa collection nursery samples (sown in 2018) and the identification of sources of useful economic and biological traits in comparison with the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90’ (Russia). The study was conducted in 2019-2021. Based on the study results there have been identified the following sources of useful traits: Pickstar (Canada), Saranac A.R. (USA), G118/13 (Russia); according to plant height (105-107 cm); Caraveli (Peru), Saranac A.R (USA), Liska (Ukraine), Sarga, G 19/13, G 144/13, Selection 5, Sin 6, Sin 36/95 (Russia) according to foliage (over 50 %); Selection 79, Uralochka, G-3, G-5, Donskaya 5, G 97/13, G 8/13, G 73/13 (Russia); according to green mass productivity (4.83-5.79 kg/m2 ); Saga (Canada), Selection 6, Sin 1, d. 14813, G-2, Sin 36/95, Selection 33, Selection 34, d. 4576 (Russia) according to dry matter content (over 29 %); Sarga (Russia), Karlygash and Aliya (Kazakhstan) according to crude protein content (over 21 %). The identified samples will be used as parental forms in alfalfa breeding for feed productivity.
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