The high-strength aluminum alloy is the potential candidate to replace conventional materials. It has excellent corrosion-resistant, recyclable machinability. The joining of such a type of alloy using fusion welding is very difficult. Solid-state welding, friction stir welding (FSW) has been used. However, this process has attained a maximum joint of 90% of base material strength. The drop of remaining strength is due to the formation of the temperate region in the thermo-mechanically affected area. Most of the researchers have been reported that the failure has observed at the interface. Many techniques have been followed to improve the strength at the temperate region, namely, post-weld heat treatment, backing plate change, sheet position, tool offset, etc. In this study, the shot blasting technique has been used to improve the lost strength in the soft region. From the experimental result, the joint shot-peened with steel shot yielded higher strength than the classical friction stir welded (C-FSW) joints. Moreover, the stability of the shot-peened joint has been conceived 6.9% more than the C-FSW joint.
The corrosion-resistant and strength-to-weight ratios are the primary factors in high-strength aluminum alloy. Hence, the AA2024 alloy is a possible candidate in the critical structural fabrication industry. The traditional joining method is ineffective for welding aluminum alloys. Higher melting point and temperature variations cause alloy isolation; porosity and hot cracking are caused by melting point variations. As a result, to fabricate joints, a light heat source laser beam was used. The weaker area of most fusion-welded joints was the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The post-weld heat treatment was used at HAZ to improve the properties. According to the experimental findings, the joint welded with solution treatment and artificial aging had a maximum tensile strength of 358 MPa. Re-precipitation of precipitates may accomplish in HAZ.
The best aluminum alloys for construction are those that incorporate copper. However, welding engineers find it difficult to join aluminium and its alloys as a result of cracking. One of the popular methods for joining nonferrous materials, especially aluminum alloys, is friction stir welding (FSW). A tensile strength of 75 % to 85 % of the basic material strength is produced by FSW joints. The majority of studies have documented a reduction in strength as a result of incomplete melting, creating a soft region at the boundary between the thermo – mechanically influenced zone and the stir zone. The current effort has focused on using the shot peening method to reduce the softness at the interface. According to the test findings, the nickel shot-peened joint produced a stronger joint than the traditional FSW joint. The shot-peened joint has gained 7 % additional strength compared to untreated joint.
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