Conventional pesticide release pollutes the atmosphere and root healthiness threats. To daze its limitations, nanotechnology mediated pesticide delivery using various natural polymers have been actively investigated. However, the lack of information on what are the beneficial/non-beneficial aspects of using hybrid- and organic- nanoparticles (NP) and among the polysaccharides which are better suited concerning pesticide loading efficiency (PLE), entrapment efficiency (E.E), and sustained-pesticide-release (SPR) has prompted us to investigate this study. In this report, we systematically investigate a series of polysaccharides such as starch (S), cellulose (C), aminocellulose (AC) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) coated on magnetite NP (MNP, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and complete organic nanocarrier systems (starch and cellulose) that have no MNP part were compared for the PLE and SPR efficiencies for chlorpyrifos (ChP) insecticide. Overall, all nanocarriers (NCs) have shown good to excellent PLE due to the smaller sized NP obtained through optimal conditions. However, among the hybrid polysaccharides studied, starch MNP (S-MNP) has shown a maximum PLE of 111 wt% in comparison with other polysaccharides (80 – 94 wt%) as well as with organic-NCs (81 – 87 wt%). The use of inorganic support does improve the PLE greatly for starch but not for cellulose derivatives. Similarly, the SPR results of S-NP showed remarkably better sustained-release-profile for ChP of 88 % in 14 days, whereas other unfunctionalized and functionalized celluloses exhibited poor release profiles of 60 – 20 % for the same period. These results indicate that the superior performance of starch might be due to the beta-1,4- & 1,6-linkages of sugar moieties leading to the branched polymers which bring more room for the pesticide to be entrapped and allow them to release in a sustainable manner. We believe that this study may help the researchers to choose the right system for designing and achieving enhanced pesticide efficiency.
A growing antimicrobial crisis has increased demand for antimicrobial materials. It has become increasingly popular to convert polymeric macromolecules into carbonized polymer nanodots (CPDs) in order to achieve highly biocompatible materials with unique properties as a result of the ability to synthesize nanomaterials of the right size and add value to existing stable polymers. This work presents the tuning of polymeric carbon dots (PCDs) for antibacterial application by combining a biocidal polymer with one-pot solvothermal synthesis. PCDs displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity via various mechanisms, including inhibition of bacterial cell walls, ROS generation, and antibiotic resistance. Further, these biocidal PCDs were observed to show excitation-independent near-white light emission which on the other hand is generally possible due to mixed sizes, doping, and surface effects. As opposed to the parent biocidal polymer, CD added ROS-mediated bactericidal activity, increased cytocompatibility and nanofibers with anti-adhesive impact and the potential of imaging bacterial cells.
To daze conventional pesticide release limitations, nanotechnology-mediated pesticide delivery using natural polymers has been actively investigated. However, the lack of information on what are the beneficial/non-beneficial aspects of using hybrid- and organic- nanoparticles (NP) and among the polysaccharides which are better suited concerning pesticide loading efficiency (PLE wt%), entrapment efficiency (E.E %), and sustained-pesticide-release (SPR %) has prompted us to investigate this study. In this report, we systematically investigated a series of polysaccharides such as starch (S), cellulose (C), aminocellulose (AC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) coated on magnetite NP (MNP, Fe3O4) and complete organic nanocarrier systems (starch and cellulose) that have no MNP part were compared for the PLE wt% and SPR % efficiencies for chlorpyrifos (ChP) insecticide. Overall, all nanocarriers (NCs) have shown good to excellent PLE wt% due to the smaller-sized NP obtained through optimal conditions. However, among the hybrid polysaccharides studied, starch MNP (S-MNP) has shown a maximum PLE of 111 wt% in comparison with other polysaccharides (80 – 94 wt%) coated hybrid-NCs as well as with organic-NCs (81 – 87 wt%). The use of inorganic support does improve the PLE wt% markedly for starch but not for cellulose derivatives. Similarly, the SPR results of S-NP showed a remarkably better sustained-release profile for ChP of 88 % in 14 days. In contrast, other unfunctionalized and functionalized celluloses exhibited poor release profiles of 60 – 20 % for the same period. This study may help the researchers choose the right system for designing and achieving enhanced pesticide efficiency.
Herein we report a new way to access the synthesis of established invaluable push–pull chromophores based on 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBDs) using tetracyanoethylene oxide (TCNEO) upon reaction with alkynes substituted with an electron-donating group (EDG) via [3+2] cycloaddition (CA) followed by ring-opening (RO) reactions. Further, we uncovered that the facile [3+2] CA–RO reaction under simpler reaction condition is possible due to the presence of EDG group, otherwise, even the formation of [3+2] cycloadduct without EDG requires harsher condition and does not lead to TCBD as reported earlier in 1965 by Linn and Benson.
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