We investigated whether early hematoma or edema volumes could explain the adverse association between APOE epsilon4 and survival in intracerebral hemorrhage. Among 102 patients, epsilon4 carriers had a higher mortality rate than non-epsilon4 carriers (38 versus 24%, p = 0.05). Nonsurvivors had larger hematoma (75.5 cm3 versus 27.1 cm3, p<0.001) and edema volumes (37.5 cm3 versus 17.1 cm3, p<0.01), but these were not associated with epsilon4 after adjusting for race, age, and type of hemorrhage.

The APOEepsilon4 allele in this population may be associated with poor survival following ICH.

Few studies have assessed the frequency of familial clustering in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Of 144 patients with ICH prospectively assessed, 14 (9.8%) had a positive family history of ICH (FH+). Four pedigrees had more than two affected family members. Comparisons between FH+ and FH– probands demonstrated no significant differences in race, age, sex, ICH type or location. An underlying genetic etiology may account for familial clustering in some ICH patients.

The dog survived 20 months after diagnosis. Although olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumour in dogs, aggressive local therapy may allow for prolonged survival, even when the tumour is advanced.