Aim. To analyze the genetic structure of the Holstein and Simmental breeding bulls from various breeding stock-rearing farms of Ukraine by polymorphisms of kappa-casein, β-lactoglobulin, growth hormone, leptin, pituitary-specifi c transcription factor, myostatin loci genes. Methods. Individual genotypes of the animals were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by determination of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP analysis). Results. A complex model genotype for increasing milk yield of the animals of the Ukrainian Black and White Dairy breed – κ-Cn АВ , βLG АВ , GH LV , Pit-1 АА , LEP АА , butterfat content – κ-Cn АВ , βLG АВ , GH VV , Pit-1 АА , LEP BB/AB ; Ukrainian Red and White Dairy breed – Cn АА , βLG АА , GH L , PIt-1 AB and κ-Cn AA , βLG AB , GH LV , Pit-1 AB ; Simmental breed – κ-Cn ВВ , βLG ВВ , GH LL , LEP AB and κ-Cn ВВ , βLG ВВ , GH LV , LEP AA was determined respectively. Genetic certifi cation of the breeding bulls of 25 various breeds on standard microsatellite panels (ВМ1824, ВМ2113, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA122, TGLA126, TGLA227, ETH10, ETH225, ETH3) was held for their biological material long-term storage rationale in the National Bank of Genetic Resources. Conclusions. Comprehensive monitoring of cattle breeding resources predetermines the implementation of genetic examination of the breeding animals’ origin according to ISAG international guidelines in Ukraine. This will determine the specifi c type or breed gene pool as a whole, also characterize the vector of micro-evolutionary processes in the populations of animals and allow to solve other breeding and genetic problems.

When establishing a bacteriophage control system, it is important to introduce new modern approaches to dairy production, including the use of effective, cost-profitable washing and disinfection programs that can provide not only microbiological but also virological safety for production and target products. At the same time, information on reliable anti-phage treatment in dairy processing plants is extremely limited. Aim. Investigation of the virucidal activity of some disinfectants, depending on the composition, treatment conditions and titer of phage contamination. Methods. The objects of the study were virulent phages F 11; F/2 of Lactococcus lactis ssp., isolated in dairy processing plants from the collection of the Institute of Food Resources of the NAAS of Ukraine; disinfectants approved for use in the dairy industry (LLC “Lizoform”, Kyiv). The virucidal activity of the disinfectants was evaluated by the difference between the phage titer values in sterile distilled water without and with the addition of the disinfectant after a certain treatment time. The sensitivity of phages to the effect of the disinfectant was characterized by a constant of inactivation (Cin). The presence of active phages was determined by the “double agar” method with the addition of 10 mmol·l-1 CaCl2, 100 mmol·l-1 glycine. Results. Screening of physical and chemical factors that inhibit the development of virulent phages F 11 and F/2 of Lactococcus lactis ssp. isolated in dairy processing plants of Ukraine was performed. It was found that the most detrimental effect on these phages had disinfectants with such active substances as peracetic acid (PA), quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), and active chlorine (Cl2). It was determined that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of active chemical substance during “cold disinfection” at a temperature 20–22ºС were sufficiently high: for PA – 500–2000 mg·l-1 (p≤0.05); QAC – 900–1000 mg·l-1; Cl2 – 800–1000 mg·l-1, p≤0.01. Comparison of the phage inactivation rate with respect to the initial contamination level showed that phages in high titer 108 PFU·ml-1 (the most dangerous, critical level of contamination) were more resistant to treatment than phages in medium titer 106 PFU·ml-1. It was shown that the investigated phage F11 of Lactococcus lactis (936 species) were characterized by greater resistance to disinfectants compared to the phage F/2 of Lactococcus lactis (с2 species). Conclusions. The conditions of anti-phage treatment are experimentally substantiated. It is established that the effectiveness of disinfection depends on the type and concentration of the active chemical substance, as well as on the content and properties of phages that circulate in dairy processing plants of Ukraine.

Aim. To investigate the genetic structure of the Polish Red breed cattle population that is being reproduced in Ukraine by 5 genes participating in the formation of qualitative and quantitative performance indicators of cattle. Methods. Defi nition of individual genotypes of the animals was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by determination of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP analysis). Results. The high frequency of desirable alleles in the genes of kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin has been reported for the investigated population. Conclusions. The signifi cant genetic potential of the Polish Red breed cattle by milk production was stated.

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