Introduction. Selective work directed at increasing the stock of domestic Simmentals beef of production type began in 1990 year with the use in the mating campaign purebred German, Austrian and American bulls and their sperm production. To 2000 year on the basis of breeding enterprises freezed for storage and use more than million doses of semen of beef Simmentals from 116 sires. Elaborated the target standards for animals of the desirable type of Ukrainian Simmental beef breed. However, with the reduction of state regulation of the breed structure in the cattle breeding of Ukraine, the process of breed testing slowed down. Thus, topicality acquire the researches features of the formation of the created Simmental beef breed for definition the prospects for its further development. The purpose of this work was to analyze the dynamics of the number of the created Simmental beef breed of cattle during of 20 years and its modern state. Research materials and methods. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the stock was carried out based on the data of a comprehensive individual rating of cattle beef breeds. The analysis of the use of bulls for the reproduction of breeding stock was carried out according to the Catalogs of bulls of beef breeds and types of breeding enterprises of Ukraine for the reproduction of breeding stock in 2002–2021 years. The materials were analyzed by the methods of variational statistics using the standard package of programs the Microsoft Excel. Research results. In 01.01.2001 year the statuses of subjects breeding business in animal husbandry for the breeding the Simmental beef breed confirmed 7 farms in 5 regions of Ukraine. Since 2004 year rapidly increase the number of agricultural enterprises and, accordingly, the number of stock. The peak values of the number of farms were marked in 2007 and 2008 years. The structure of enterprises as 1 of January 2007 year of the number of cows was following: 47% enterprises with the number of breeding stock more than 100 heads; 25% of enterprises – up to 50 heads; 19% – up to 100 heads and only 9% of enterprises with the number of cows more than 200 heads. In accordance with the change number of breeding stock, also changed the load of bulls during natural mating. Over the years, the maximum number of certified live sires reached 50 heads. Accordingly, the load on one sire per mating campaign fluctuated from 34 cows in 2017 year to 104 – in 2003 year. But practically, the loading pressure was smoothed partially due to artificial insemination and the use of live sires of other breeds, such us Limousin, Aberdeen Angus – for ease of calving. Practical work directed at the breeding of the Ukrainian Simmental beef breed provided the constant functioning of breeding enterprises for the evaluation of bulls and the accumulation of sperm production from the best sires. The highest number of sperm production was marked from 2008 to 2011 years. Since 2012 year systematically decrease the number of genetic material and in 2015 year it was minimal. According to the materials prepared for the approbation of the Simmental beef breed, the genealogical structure is represented by 6 lines: Abricot 58311, Achilles 369, Metz 529019743, Honig 005230191, Streiter 015920791 and Zabavny 1142 and 19 families. However, the low dynamics of the movement of genetic material due to the productive use of sires more than 6 years and the reduction of basic farms bring to the practical cessation of laying and formation of families and work with lines. Since 2015 year breeding the Simmental beef breed engaged 4 enterprises with an average annual breeding stock of more than 100 cows. The effectiveness of the activity of subjects breeding business in animal husbandry is determined by the parameters of production and economic activity, a constituent element of which are quantitative indicators of the realization of genetic resources. Analyzing the level of operations of purchase-sale of breeding animals of the Simmental beef breed for 20 years, marked an annual predominance volumes of realization over volumes of acquisition. Exception are the indicators of 2004 and 2006 years, in which the purchase of breeding young prevailed the level of sales. Conclusions. Statistical analysis confirms the importance of state regulation on the development of specific breeds in agricultural enterprises. The working mechanism of state subsidies and the regulatory influence on the volume and direction of export-import operations ensured a progressive movement towards increasing the stock of the Simmental beef breed. The decrease in the influence of the state on the functioning of the internal market products of cattle breeding has led to a reduction farms breeding this breed and a general decrease in selection parameters among the available stock. Due to the absence of investment attractiveness to beef cattle breeding in general and to the Simmental breed in particular decreases the possibility of its approbation as a new selective achievement of Ukraine.
Introduction. In countries of Europe are implementing mechanisms for the humane treatment with farm animals, which provides also minimizing the pain and suffering of animals during slaughter. For this, government of EU in 2009 year adopted the corresponding Regulation № 1099/2009. Established, that stress before slaughtering animals leads to an increase the level of catecholamines and creatinekinase in their organism, which causes rapid glycolysis, during which accumulates lactic acid in the meat. This leads to a decrease level of glycogen, which causes change pH of the meat and capacity holding the water, the meat acquiring tougher and darker color. In Ukraine many Ukrainian enterprises of the meat industry received certificates, that attesting the accordance of their products the conditions of "Halal", which opens for them the way to new markets of selling the meat of beef. However insufficiently studied remains the issue of storing the qualitative indices of halal meat during transportation on long distance. The data about study the date of expiration such meat also absent. The purpose of this work was to study the qualitative indices of cooled and frozen meat of certified beef of breed of Aberdeen-Angus, to establish the date of expiration. Research materials and methods. The object of the research: cooled and frozen meat of beef obtained from cattle of breed of Aberdeen-Angus of the company "HALAL MEAT COMPANY" is packed in vacuum bags for establish the date of expiration during storage for 16 months. In order to conduct the research were taken three samples of halal beef of the Aberdeen-Angus breed: sample № 1 – a neck cut from the scapular part of the carcass, sample № 2 – marbled beef for pork from the scapular part of the carcass, sample № 3 – marbled beef classic from the breast part of the carcass. The pH of the meat was determined on a pH meter Delta OHM HD2305.0 the Italian company SIMVOLT with a electrode KP70. Organoleptic evaluation of the product carried out in accordance with DSTU 4589:2006, determination of the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms - in accordance with GOST 10444.15, detection of bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli - in accordance with GOST 21237. Research on the presence bacteria of L. monocytogenes carried out according to DSTU ISO 11290-1, and the presence bacteria strain of Salmonella carried out in accordance with GOST 21237. The results processed by methods of variational statistics with using the standard package of programs of Microsoft Excel. Research results. When measuring the level of pH it established, that in the cooled test samples it was within the normal range and was: sample № 1 – 5.83, sample № 2 – 5.74, sample № 3 – 5.79. When they were stored after thawing the pH decreased. Thus, after 4, 12 and 16 months of storage, the pH of experimental sample № 1 was 5.25; 5.16 and 5.20; sample № 2 – 5.29; 5.21; 5.18; sample № 3 – 5.24; 5.17 and 5.21. After thawing the test samples, that were stored, occurred loss the moisture. Thus, when they were stored for 4 months the loss of moisture after thawing for sample № 1 was 5.2%, sample № 2 – 4.9%, sample № 3 – 4.3%. When carrying out organoleptic studies it established, that in all thawed test samples detected signs change of color after 4 months of storage and signs of spoilage after storage of 16 months. After carrying out microbiological studies it established, that pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella and L.monocytogenes detected in samples of thawed meat, which had been stored for 16 months. The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms during storage increased. Thus, in the cooled meat of sample № 1, sample № 2, and sample № 3, this indice was 6.8*103; 6.1*103 and 5.7*103, which did not exceed the requirements of the standard. For thawed test samples after 12 months of storage this indice increases: sample № 1 – 4.6*104, sample № 2 – 3.9*104, sample № 3 – 4.0*104. Exceeding the requirements of the standard of thawed samples of meat noted after 16 months of storage, which leads to their spoilage. Conclusions. In result of the conducted research it established, that the pH of all experimental samples of cooled meat of beef was within the normal range and was in average 5.78. During storage of experimental samples after their thawing, the pH decreased, which is associated with damage to fibers of meat caused by the formation crystals of ice during freezing and thawing. Also, when were stored the experimental samples for 4 months the loss of moisture after defrosting was from 4.3% in sample № 3 to 5.2% in sample № 1. The change the level of pH in the experimental samples and loss their moisture affected on organoleptic indices: changed the appearance of the meat, color, it has lost the juiciness. The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms after 16 months of storage exceeded the established standards according to GOST 10444.15. In the course of research it was established, that the recommended date of storage of halal meat of beef of breed of Aberdeen-Angus is 12 months at a temperature of -18...-25°С in vacuum packs.
The efficiency of industrial poultry farming within the optimization of poultry technology, depends on the level of genetic potential of the flock. Selection features of Shaoxing ducks make this kind optimal for its breeding in the People's Republic of China. The study aims to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of Shaoxing duck eggs, which are bred on the breeding farm of Zhejiang Generation Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, China. The weight, length, width of the eggs and the index of the egg shape have been determined. An individual method of counting the number of eggs laid by ducks of the Shaoxing breed for 4 adjacent months has been implemented. The average weight of the egg is 67.45 ± 0.22 g with limit values lim max = 89 g lim min = 45 g. The average value of egg length is 6.02 ± 0.01 cm, width – 4.45 ± 0.01 cm. The duck egg shape index is 74.01 ± 0.12. Thereby systematic individual studies of morphometric parameters of eggs will increase the effect of selection by expanding the indicators of lifelong assessment of the uterine population of ducks. Selection of queens for the breeding core of the breed according to the indicators of manufacturability of morphometric parameters of eggs will increase the incubation yield of ducklings and, accordingly, will be one of the effective mechanisms to ensure economic profitability of breeding Shaoxing ducks.
The renowned scientist and teacher of the Chief Scientific Officer of the Laboratory of the Animal Genetic Resources Bank of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science Svitlana Voitenko turned 60 on November 12, 2019. Svitlana Voitenko was born on November 12, 1959 in Poltava. She graduated from the 24 th high school and zoo-engineering faculty of the Poltava Agricultural Institute.From 1977 to 2006 she worked at the Institute of Pig Breeding of the UAAS. During 1990–1993 she went to graduate school of the same scientific institution. Since 2006 he has been working as a leading researcher, since 2008 – chief researcher at the gene pool laboratory of the breeds of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of UAAS. In 2008, Svitlana Voitenko was appointed head of the genetic resources sector in the pig breeding of this institution. Since February 2010, Svitlana Voitenko begins her pedagogical activity as the head of the breeding and genetics of agricultural animals department of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. From September 2019 to the present time he has been working as the Chief Scientific Officer of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. The degree of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences in the specialty "Breeding and Breeding of Animals" on the basis of the defense (1994) of the dissertation on the topic "Selection and genetic characteristics of pigs of Myrhorod breed and their use in combination with boars of the parental form". The senior scientist was awarded the academic title in 2001. In 2008 she defended her dissertation for a scientific degree on "Methods of improvement of pigs of the Myrhorod breed and preservation of her gene pool". Professor she was awarded the academic title in 2013. Professor S. Voytenko's research is aimed at developing breeding and genetic methods for improving the productivity of farm animals and controlling product quality, as well as maintaining the gene pool of small local pigs of Ukraine. Under the methodological guidance of S. Voitenko new lines and families in the Myrhorod breed were created and tested. She participated in the development of the State Standards of Ukraine.She has published about 250 scientific papers. She is active in inventing activities, has 11 patents and copyright certificates for inventions. Under the methodical guidance of S. Voitenko, 7 PhD theses are defended and another 1 graduate student is being trained. She was awarded with certificates of honor from the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, the Department of Education and Science of the Poltava Regional State Administration. The staff of the Institute sincerely congratulates dear Svitlana and wishes her good health, happiness, inexhaustible energy, relentless movement forward to new achievements and impressions!
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