ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system. Part 1: performance of screening examination and indications for targeted neurosonography Clinical Standards Committee The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) is a scientific organization that encourages sound clinical practice, and high-quality teaching and research related to diagnostic imaging in women's healthcare. The ISUOG Clinical Standards Committee (CSC) has a remit to develop Practice Guidelines and Consensus Statements as educational recommendations that provide healthcare practitioners with a consensus-based approach, from experts, for diagnostic imaging. They are intended to reflect what is considered by ISUOG to be the best practice at the time at which they are issued. Although ISUOG has made every effort to ensure that Guidelines are accurate when issued, neither the Society nor any of its employees or members accepts any liability for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements issued by the CSC. The ISUOG CSC documents are not intended to establish a legal standard of care, because interpretation of the evidence that underpins the Guidelines may be influenced by individual circumstances, local protocol and available resources. Approved Guidelines can be distributed freely with the permission of ISUOG (

Pregnant women may be at higher risk of severe complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may lead to obstetrical complications. We performed a case control study comparing pregnant women with severe coronavirus disease 19 (cases) to pregnant women with a milder form (controls) enrolled in the COVI-Preg international registry cohort between March 24 and July 26, 2020. Risk factors for severity, obstetrical and immediate neonatal outcomes were assessed. A total of 926 pregnant women with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were included, among which 92 (9.9%) presented with severe COVID-19 disease. Risk factors for severe maternal outcomes were pulmonary comorbidities [aOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.9–9.5], hypertensive disorders [aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0–7.0] and diabetes [aOR2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.5]. Pregnant women with severe maternal outcomes were at higher risk of caesarean section [70.7% (n = 53/75)], preterm delivery [62.7% (n = 32/51)] and newborns requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [41.3% (n = 31/75)]. In this study, several risk factors for developing severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women were identified including pulmonary comorbidities, hypertensive disorders and diabetes. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes appear to be influenced by the severity of maternal disease.

Objective To evaluate the prediction of microcephaly at birth (micB) using established and two new reference ranges for fetal head circumference (HC) and to assess whether integrating additional parameters can improve prediction. Methods

Objective To construct nomograms for fetal midbrain (MB) and hindbrain (HB) dimensions, assessed in the mid-sagittal cranial plane by three-dimensional multiplanar sonographic reconstruction (3D-MPR). Methods

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of in vitro volume calculations by 3‐dimensional ultrasonography. Methods. This observational study was performed by 2 examiners to obtain volumes of 3 objects of different shapes and sizes filled with ultrasound gel and immersed in water. The examiners used the multiplanar (5‐mm interval), virtual organ computer‐aided analysis (VOCAL, 30°) and extended imaging (XI) VOCAL (5, 10, 15, and 20 planes) methods to estimate the volumes of each object. A paired Student t test (P) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess reproducibility of the methods. Validity was assessed comparing the percent differences between the estimated and the real volumes using the P value, mean differences, and ICC for each method. Results. All methods were highly reliable and valid. There were no significant differences in interobserver variability; there was a strong interobserver correlation. There were no significant differences in the percent differences between the estimated and real volumes of the objects using the 3 methods. The XI VOCAL method was superior to the multiplanar and VOCAL methods in the measurement of irregularly shaped objects. The XI VOCAL method with 10 planes estimated volumes closest to the real volumes. Conclusions. All 3 methods were reliable and valid; however, XI VOCAL was superior to the other methods in the measurement of irregularly shaped objects.

Objectives To apply fetal midbrain (MB) and hindbrain (HB) nomograms, developed using three-dimensional multiplanar sonographic reconstruction (3D-MPR) in the mid-sagittal cranial plane, to fetuses with known posterior fossa malformations. Methods, persistent Blake's pouch cyst (n = 6) and megacisterna magna (n = 6). In each case and for each subgroup, the MB-HB biometric parameters and their z-scores were evaluated with reference to our new nomograms. Results The new MB-HB nomograms were able to identify the brainstem and vermian anomalies and differentiate fetuses with MB-HB malformations from

Three-dimensional volumetry of fetal LVs by VOCAL method has good agreement with fetal MRI in fetuses with ventriculomegaly and may be used as an additional tool in patient counseling and prognosis prediction.

Objectives To construct nomograms of the dimensions of the fetal posterior fossa (PF), assessed in the mid