The aim of this study was to evaluate swine females of different genetic lines submitted to different reproductive management and housing systems during pregnancy on reproductive performance and animal welfare parameters. After artificial insemination protocol, 524 females were divided into two gestation housing systems: PEN1=animals housed in individual stalls during the breeding and after group-housed; PEN32=animals housed in individual stalls from breeding until 32 days of pregnancy and after group-housed. The number of piglets born, and the pregnancy and farrowing rates were evaluated. Welfare parameters related to the pregnancy phase were used. Females who weaned more piglets in the previous farrowing had a higher number of piglets born at the next farrowing. The pregnancy rate was affected by the number of semen doses. The farrowing rate was not influenced by the evaluated parameters, with average value of 91.36%. There was no effect of the gestation housing system and the genetic lines on pregnancy and farrowing rates, with values above 90.0%. The animal welfare indicators showed more compromised parameters in PEN1 system. PEN1 system did not impair the reproductive performance although it presented more compromised animal welfare parameters.
The utilization of antimicrobials in animal production, causes selection of resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare the utilization of alternatives in association with preventive antibiotic therapy in swine feed during the growing and finishing phases. 1,045 animals were used from 60 to 190 days of age and were subjected to six treatments with 16 repetitions as follows: 1) antibiotic free; 2) antibiotics; 3) prebiotic; 4) probiotic; 5) essential oils; and 6) organic acid. Animals were weighted, and clinical history was recorded including mortality and diarrhea. At the abattoir, pneumonia index and gastric ulcers were investigated. The cost for each treatment was discussed. No difference between treatments were observed (P>0.05) regarding feed conversion rate (2.64±0.03), overall average weight gain (107.06±0.9kg), average daily weight gain (856.49±7.7g) and carcass weight (92.4±0.7kg). The application injectable drugs in animals presenting clinical symptoms, represented US$ 0.56/intervention, without difference between the treatments (P>0.05). Furthermore, independently of the treatment, high frequency of pneumonia was observed (>0.90). No difference for the degree of gastric ulcer nor feces consistency were observed (P>0.05). The utilization of antibiotic therapy and alternatives to antibiotics in feed did not produce benefits to the production indices and sanitary performances of the animals.
As exigências metabólicas no período de transição em vacas podem levar adeficiências de minerais, como cálcio e magnésio, trazendo consequências na saúdedesses animais e sua prole. A condição clínica da vaca, pode acarretar a decréscimona qualidade do colostro, o que por sua vez se reflete na imunidade do bezerro, jáque as imunoglobulinas advindas do colostro são a única defesa contra possíveismicrorganismos patogênicos. A paraoxonase-1 (PON1) é uma proteína de faseaguda inflamatória negativa capaz de indicar diversas enfermidades e condiçõesestressantes, tanto em animais adultos quanto em recém-nascidos, sendo diminuídaem períodos críticos, como o pós-parto, balanço energético negativo, infecçãobacteriana e má nutrição. Tendo em vista os efeitos negativos da redução deminerais e da PON1, além das diferenças metabólicas entre ordem de parto e raçada vaca, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a concentração de minerais e dePON-1, relacionadas a condição clínica, a raça e a ordem de parto da vaca, e suainfluência na imunidade do bezerro em animais de baixa produção. O estudo foiconduzido com 16 animais, sendo as vacas e seus respectivos bezerros, quetiveram sangue coletado 24 horas após o parto. Foram feitas análises de cálcio,magnésio, paraoxonase na vaca e no bezerro e ppt no bezerro. Bezerros nascidosde vacas primíparas tiveram maior atividade da enzima paraoxonase (18,60U/mL)quando comparados a bezerros nascidos de multíparas (6,62U/mL). Fêmeas tiverammaior atividade da enzima (15,23U/mL) quando comparadas aos machos(4,08U/mL) (P<0,05). Pode-se concluir que a ordem de parto e o sexo do bezerroinfluencia sua imunidade, sendo relacionado com o desafio metabólico da vaca.
Vacas periparturientes apresentam altas demandas metabólicas, taxas de inflamação e consequentemente risco de desenvolver patologias. O cálcio é um dos minerais com demanda extenuante a esses animais, sendo baixas concentrações cálcicas responsáveis pelo acometimento do sistema imune de vacas e seus respectivos bezerros. A enzima paraoxonase-1 também está relacionada com saúde da vaca e de bezerros, ligada a estresse oxidativo e inflamação. Tendo em vista a caracterização das propriedades leiteiras brasileiras, sendo em sua maioria de rebanhos de baixa produção, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos maternos em vacas leiteiras de baixa produção que influenciam na imunidade do neonato. O estudo foi realizado com 16 vacas e sua respectiva prole, que tiveram sangue coletado 24 horas após o parto e a colostragem respectivamente. Foram feitas análises séricas de cálcio, magnésio, paraoxonase-1 na vaca e no bezerro e proteínas plasmáticas totais no bezerro. As vacas foram categorizadas por ordem de parto (primípara e multípara), calcemia (hipocalcêmica e normocalcêmica), raça (holandesa e mestiça) e ainda pelo sexo do bezerro. A concentração mineral e raça não influenciaram nas concentrações de paraoxonase-1 (P> 0,05) e as proteínas plasmáticas totais não foram afetadas por nenhuma categorização (P> 0,05). Bezerros nascidos de vacas multíparas tiveram menores concentrações de paraoxonase-1, indicando maior estresse oxidativo e inflamação, assim como bezerros machos, que apresentaram redução significativa nas concentrações de paraoxonase-1 quando comparados a fêmeas (P<0,05).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of two acidifiers blend (with different protection levels) on the acidification potential in vitro, apparent total tract digestibility of diet nutrients, blood metabolites, and average daily gain of nursery piglets. Two commercial acidifiers blend additives (AC1 and AC2) were evaluated. The acidification potential of the two acidifiers blend added to the diet were tested by buffering capacity and initial pH in vitro. For the evaluation of apparent digestibility of diet nutrients, blood metabolites and average daily gain, two experiments were carried out. The AC2 acidifier had a greater effect on the initial reduction in pH and a lower linear buffering rate of the diet. The use of acidifiers did not improve the nutrient digestibility of the diets and had no effect on the blood metabolite concentrations of urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, and lactate. Although the inclusion of acidifiers in the diets did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of the diet nutrients the inclusion of the AC2 acidifier at different levels showed a negative quadratic effect on the average daily gain, with the best inclusion level being 0.26%.
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