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In this work we report the results of theoretical study based on first‐principles calculations of the polarization properties of semiconductors AlN, GaN and AlGaN with wurtzite structure. The values of the spontaneous and the piezoelectric polarizations and the piezoelectric constants were calculated for these nitride compounds. We study the nonlinear dependence of the spontaneous polarization on AlGaN composition. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The property of natural parallelization of matrix−vector operations inherent in memristor crossbars creates opportunities for their effective use in neural network computing. Analog calculations are orders of magnitude faster in comparison to calculations on the central processor and on graphics accelerators. Besides, mathematical operations energy costs are significantly lower. The essential feature of analog computing is its low accuracy. In this regard, studying the dependence of neural network quality on the accuracy of setting its weights is relevant. The paper considers two convolutional neural networks trained on the MNIST (handwritten digits) and CIFAR_10 (airplanes, boats, cars, etc.) data sets. The first convolutional neural network consists of two convolutional layers, one subsample layer and two fully connected layers. The second one consists of four convolutional layers, two subsample layers and two fully connected layers. Calculations in convolutional and fully connected layers are performed through matrix−vector operations that are implemented on memristor crossbars. Sub−sampling layers imply the operation of finding the maximum value from several values. This operation can be implemented at the analog level. The process of training a neural network runs separately from data analysis. As a rule, gradient optimization methods are used at the training stage. It is advisable to perform calculations using these methods on CPU. When setting the weights, 3-4 precision bits are required to obtain an acceptable recognition quality in the case the network is trained on MNIST. 6−10 precision bits are required if the network is trained on CIFAR_10.

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