Plasma display panel (PDP) efficiency data are correlated with panel emission measurements. A large visible/infrared (vis/IR) ratio of the phosphor emission in the visible to the Xe emission in the infrared indicates a high Xe-excitation efficiency. Monitoring the changes in the vis/IR ratio allows a decomposition of the discharge efficiency into Xe-excitation efficiency and electron heating efficiency contributions. For several different PDP efficiency dependencies on sustain voltage and frequency, consistent trends in Xe-excitation efficiency and electron heating efficiency are found. In addition, in order to follow the discharge development, the time dependence and the spatial distribution of the Xe emission are monitored. The combined results show that plasma saturation is significant to low Xe-content panels in default operation conditions and that plasma saturation decreases with the high voltage high frequency operation of high Xe-content panels. These driving conditions, which are especially suited for high Xe-content panels, govern a fast and spatially distributed discharge development with a lower effective electron temperature, increased Xe-excitation efficiency, and decreased plasma saturation.
The results of the loss measurements of some rare-earth permanent magnets in a. c. magnetic field are presented. The losses are consisted of the eddy-current losses and the hyteresis losses of the magnets itselves and the eddy-current losses of the metal coatings . The hysteresis losses occur in Sm2Co17 type ones. These data can be applied for estimating the tooth-ripple losses of the motors with permanent magnets on the pole surfaces, and for discussing the flux loss under the motor flux condition.
This paper concerns simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a completely mixed bio-reactor with partially and fully submerged rotating biological contactors. The bio-reactor is designed to cause the nitrification and denitrification in partially and fully submerged biofilms, respectively. An experimental investigation was made into the effect of organic material and ratio of influent organic carbon to ammonia nitrogen concentrations(C/N ratio) on the efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in the bio-reactor. Settled municipal wastewater and synthetic wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and organic material such as acetate, ethylene-glycol, phenol and poly-vinyl-alcohol(PVA) were fed into the experimental units. A biofilm dominated by nitrifiers developed on the partially submerged contactors, while a biofilm dominated by heterotrophs developed on the fully submerged contactors. A micro-aerobic environment was formed and biological denitrification occurred in the submerged biofilm. In the municipal wastewater treatment where the influent C/N ratio was around 3.5, the maximum nitrogen removal efficiency was about 60 %. Acetate and ethlene-glycol were effectively used as the organic source of the denitrification. The ability to aerobically degrade PVA was induced by phenol. Once the bacteria inhibiting the biofilm gained the ability to degrade PVA, PVA became an effective organic source of the denitrification.
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