Agriculture, fisheries, and the food industry play a key role in ensuring the country's food security. The modern fishing industry in Ukraine is a highly industrial, capital-intensive, integrated production with high production costs, which is designed to ensure the socio-economic development of many coastal regions and provide the population with valuable protein products necessary for healthy eating. The total volume of extracted aquatic organisms in III and IV zones of aquaculture of Ukraine was studied; dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms by regions and fishery zones on the territory of Ukraine; the structure of fishing by regions in the inland waters of Ukraine is analyzed; the leading representatives of catches in inland waters of Ukraine by regions were identified. Considering the dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms in inland waters from 2005 to 2020, it was found that production decreased significantly in almost all Ukraine regions and some regions decreased to almost zero. Studies have shown that the total production of aquatic bioresources in 2005 amounted to 42.364 tons, in 2010 – 37.615 tons, in 2015 – 35.985 tons, in 2020 – 22.267 tons. In all periods, leaders among the production in inland waters are Odesa and Cherkasy regions. Comparing the data for 2005 and 2020, it can be seen that catches have almost halved. It is established that, according to the analysis, the main representatives of the caught ichthyofauna are: grass carp, carp, crucian, bream, silver carp, ram, pike perch, pike, perch, catfish. The structure of catches for the whole period remains almost unchanged. The largest catches (2019) are: carp – 1704 tons; silver carp – 675 tons Sumy region; crucian carp – 398.8 tons; ram (flat) – 364.5 tons Kyiv region. The main species found in the catches of other regions are – the Volyn region – carp (237 tons), Zhytomyr region – silver carp (300 t), Lviv region – carp (499 tons), Rivne region – carp (134 tons), Ternopil region – carp (342.4 tons), Khmelnytsky region – carp (279.2 tons), Chernihiv region. – carp (352.8 t). Pike, grass carp, and catfish were the least caught in the whole territory of Ukraine. It should be noted that several factors that affect fish stocks of inland waters, and consequently catches, most often consider the impact of environmental factors, destruction and inefficiency of spawning grounds, age and sex structure of populations, poaching, etc.
The fishing industry is an important component of the economy of Ukraine at the present stage of development. The development and implementation of the innovative technologies in fish farming and fish processing require mandatory and ongoing analysis of a fish market infrastructure. The demand for food protein, which is characterized by a balanced amino acid content is provided by fish and seafood at 20–30 %. The aim of this work was to understand a current state of a fish products market in Ukraine, its pricing and consumption. Based on the specialized literature the evaluation of a current state of fish and fish products consumption in Ukraine and own studies of the price category of fish products in Ukraine in recent years were conducted. We studied fish and fish products consumption per year per capita in Ukraine over the last 20 years, assortment of fish in Ukraine, the import of fish and fishery products by species, the product prices in UAH per kg both in previous years and today. According to international medical standards the annual consumption of fish and seafood should be 20 kg per person. At the same time in Ukraine according to the State Statistics Committee on the 01.01.2019 14.5 kg of fish and seafood came out per capita. In 2018–2019 herring traditionally remained a leader of consumption in Ukraine. Ukraine also imported such species of fish: mackerel, hake, herring, salmon, pilchards, pollack, capelin, sardines, notating. In addition pangasius, shrimp, blue whiting, mussels, squid, saury, Jack mackerel, sea bass, tuna, flounder, anchovies, smelt, cod, salmon and other species of fish, caviar and seafood are imported in Ukraine. The investigated assortment of fish in Ukraine is represented both domestic and imported products. The domestic production are: carp, pike, capelin, herring, mackerel, sprat, the imported products are: flounder, perch, pangasius, salmon, butter, hake, Pollock, capelin, nototenia, herring, mackerel, cod, tuna, tilapia (sole), sea trout, whiting and so forth. It is established that the condition of a fish market in Ukraine is affected by an unstable economic and political situation in the country, low solvency of the population, corruption and the high payables of the enterprises. In Ukraine a tendency towards a decrease in the volume of fish and fish products consumption by the population of Ukraine is observed annually, which is a consequence of the decline in fish catch and fish production, depreciation of fixed assets and a lack of financial support to the fishing industry.
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