Successful cultivation and titration of Borna disease virus in cell cultures enabled detailed studies of the virus properties. Borna virus is labile towards treatment with heat, pH 3.0 and lipid solvents. It is relatively stable at low temperatures and in frozen state. It is easily inactivated by ultraviolet light as e.g. vesicular stomatitis virus. After ultrafiltration studies, the size of the infectious virus unit is between 80 and 100 nm. Its buoyant density in cesium chloride is 1.165 g per ml. The one step multiplication curve shows that Borna virus has a replication cycle of about 2 days in BSC 1 cells. In growth experiments using antimetabilites it behaves like certain RNA containing viruses. As its multiplication is not inhibited by bromo- and iododeoxyuridine and actinomycin D, no DNA step seems to be involved in virus synthesis. Regarding these properties and the intracellular antigen distribution as shown by fluorescent antibodies, it is not possible to attribute Borna virus to any of the established virus groups.
Zusammenfassung
Eine kombinierte Schutzimpfung gegen Geflügelpocken und Newcastle Disease ist über das Trinkwasser möglich. Durch die Kombination wurden weder die Unschädlichkeit noch Wirksamkeit der beiden Impfstoffkomponenten beeinflußt. Bei keinem der Impflinge kam es zu einer Impferkrankung oder zu sonstigen von der Norm abweichenden postvakzinalen Reaktionen. Der Immunschutz gegenüber virulentem Hühnerpocken‐Virus entsprach der nach alleiniger Impfung gegen Hühnerpocken erzielten Rate. Auch die Ausbildung der hämagglutinationshemmenden Serumantikörper gegen Newcastle Disease‐Virus erfolgte bei den Impflingen in der üblichen Höhe.
Eine kombinierte Trinkwasserimpfung gegen Hühnerpocken und Newcastle Disease sollte bei Küken im Alter von 5 Tagen bis 3 Wochen begonnen werden und muß wie bei der Trinkwasserimpfung gegen Newcastle Disease allein mehrmals wiederholt werden. Eine Einfügung der Kombinationsimpfung in die verschiedenen Impfprogramme bereitet dadurch keine Schwierigkeiten.
Summary
Peroral immunisation against pox virus 2. Studies on a combined oral immunisation against fowl pox and Newcastle disease
Combined protection against fowl pox and Newcastle disease is possible through the drinking water. This combination does not affect the harmlessness or effectiveness of the two vaccine components. None of the vaccinated birds suffered ill‐effects from the vaccination and developed and abnormal postvaccinal reactions. Protection against virulent fowl‐pox virus was of the same level as is conferred by the drinking water vaccination against fowl pox alone. Also the hemagglutination inhibiting serum antibodies against Newcastle disease virus are formed in the normal quantity after combined vaccination.
A combined drinking water immunisation against fowl pox and Newcastle disease should begin in chicks between 5 days and 3 weeks old and, like drinking water immunisation against Newcastle disease alone, must be repeated several times. The introduction of combined immunisation into the various vaccination programmes is not thereby made difficult.
Résumé
Immunisation antivariolique orale 2ème communication: Recherches sur une vaccination orale combinée contre la variole aviaire et la maladie de Newcastle
Il est possible de procéder à une vaccination orale combinée contre la variole aviaire et la maladie de Newcastle, par l'intermédiaire de l'eau d'abreuvage. Ni l'innocuité, ni l'efficacité des deux composantes du vaccin ne sont influencées par leur combinaison. On n'observe pas de maladie vaccinale, ni d'autres réactions post‐vaccinales anormales chez les animaux vaccinés. L'immunité à l'égard du virus virulent de la variole aviaire correspond à celle que l'on obtient par une vaccination anti‐variole aviaire simple. La formation des anticorps sériques inhibant l'hémagglutination, contre le virus de la maladie de Newcastle, atteint le taux habitual chez les animaux vaccinés.
La vaccination par l'abreuvage combinée contre la variole aviaire et la maladie de Newcastle devrait s'effectuer sur des poussins âgés de 5 jou...
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