Persistent infections caused by Borna virus

Mayr, Anton; Danner, K.

doi:10.1007/bf01642023

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…is scarce. In experimentally BoDV-1-infected horses and sheep, the time point of first clinical signs is highly variable, ranging from less than two weeks to several months after intracranial or intranasal inoculation (Heinig, 1964;Katz et al, 1998;Matthias, 1958;Mayr & Danner, 1974;Nitzschke, 1963;Schmidt, 1951). Similar incubation periods may be assumed for natural infections, since a BoDV-1-infected alpaca and horse were reported to develop Borna disease two and five months, respectively, after translocation from endemic regions in Germany to locations outside the known endemic areas (Jacobsen et al, 2010;Priestnall et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Schulze

Große

Fürstenau

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV‐1) is the causative agent of Borna disease, an often fatal neurologic condition of domestic mammals, including New World camelids, in endemic areas in Central Europe. Recently, BoDV‐1 gained further attention by the confirmation of fatal zoonotic infections in humans. Although Borna disease and BoDV‐1 have been described already over the past decades, comprehensive reports of Borna disease outbreaks in domestic animals employing state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic methods are missing. Here, we report a series of BoDV‐1 infections in a herd of 27 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, which resulted in eleven fatalities (41%) within ten months. Clinical courses ranged from sudden death without previous clinical signs to acute or chronic neurologic disease with death occurring after up to six months. All animals that underwent necropsy exhibited a non‐suppurative encephalitis. In addition, six apparently healthy seropositive individuals were identified within the herd, suggesting subclinical BoDV‐1 infections. In infected animals, BoDV‐1 RNA and antigen were mainly restricted to the central nervous system and the eye, and sporadically detectable in large peripheral nerves and neuronal structures in other tissues. Pest control measures on the farm resulted in the collection of a BoDV‐1‐positive bicoloured white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon), while all other trapped small mammals were negative. A phylogeographic analysis of BoDV‐1 sequences from the alpacas, the shrew and BoDV‐1‐positive equine cases from the same region in Brandenburg revealed a previously unreported endemic area of BoDV‐1 cluster 4 in North‐Western Brandenburg. In conclusion, alpacas appear to be highly susceptible to BoDV‐1 infection and display a highly variable clinical picture ranging from peracute death to subclinical forms. In addition to horses and sheep, they can serve as sensitive sentinels used for the identification of endemic areas.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Schulze

Große

Fürstenau

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…inoculation had an incubation time of 15-26 days (Katz et al, 1998). Older studies proposed experimental incubation periods of 24-143 days in horses, 32-85 days in sheep, 18 days to months in rabbits, 20-390 days in guinea pigs, 20-90 days in adult rats and 36 days in hens (Mayr & Danner, 1974). However, experienced veterinary clinicians estimate a natural incubation time of 2-3 months in horses (reviewed by Dürrwald et al, 2006a), and recent data indicate a minimum of 2 months in alpaca (Jacobsen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Infection and Disease Of Production And Companion Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections

Kinnunen

Palva

Vaheri

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Borna disease virus (BDV) has gained lot of interest because of its zoonotic potential, ability to introduce cDNA of its RNA transcripts into host genomes, and ability to cause severe neurobehavioural diseases. Classical Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, known in central Europe for centuries. According to current knowledge, BDV or a close relative also infects several other species, including humans at least occasionally, in central Europe and elsewhere, but the existence of potential ‘human Borna disease’ with its suspected neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly controversial. The recent detection of endogenized BDV-like genes in primate and various other vertebrate genomes confirms that at least ancient bornaviruses did infect our ancestors. The epidemiology of BDV is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence indicates vectors and reservoirs among small wild mammals. The aim of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on epidemiology of BDV infections. Specifically, geographical and host distribution are addressed and assessed in the critical light of the detection methods used. We also review some salient clinical aspects.

show abstract

“…One strategy is the establishment of persistent infections in at least some individuals, who maintain the virus for months, years, or even lifelong and can then act as a periodic source of the virus within a host population [37]. This strategy has been observed for several RNA viruses such as Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) [38,39], Borna disease virus (BDV) [40][41][42], Bluetongue virus (BTV) [43,44], Measles morbillivirus (MeV) [45][46][47], Hepatitis C virus (HCV) [48][49][50], and Zika virus (ZIKV) [51][52][53]. Long-term studies with Nipah virus (NiV)-infected Pteropus vampyrus and MARV-infected Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats provide evidence for virus persistence in individuals of these reservoir species [54][55][56] and MARV has been also shown to establish testicular persistence in macaques [57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance and Persistence of Ebola Virus in Primary Cells from Mops condylurus, a Potential Ebola Virus Reservoir

Bokelmann

Vogel

Debeljak

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although there have been documented Ebola virus disease outbreaks for more than 40 years, the natural reservoir host has not been identified. Recent studies provide evidence that the Angolan free-tailed bat (Mops condylurus), an insectivorous microbat, is a possible ebolavirus reservoir. To investigate the potential role of this bat species in the ecology of ebolaviruses, replication, tolerance, and persistence of Ebola virus (EBOV) were investigated in 10 different primary bat cell isolates from M. condylurus. Varying EBOV replication kinetics corresponded to the expression levels of the integral membrane protein NPC1. All primary cells were highly tolerant to EBOV infection without cytopathic effects. The observed persistent EBOV infection for 150 days in lung primary cells, without resultant selective pressure leading to virus mutation, indicate the intrinsic ability of EBOV to persist in this bat species. These results provide further evidence for this bat species to be a likely reservoir of ebolaviruses.

show abstract

Persistent infections caused by Borna virus

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections

Tolerance and Persistence of Ebola Virus in Primary Cells from Mops condylurus, a Potential Ebola Virus Reservoir

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About