The feasibility of low temperature fabrication of transparent electrode elements from thin films of Antimony doped Tin Oxide (SnO2:Sb, ATO) has been investigated via inkjet printing, rf magnetron sputtering and post deposition excimer laser processing. Laser processing of thin films on both glass and plastic substrates was performed using a Lambda Physik 305i excimer laser, with fluences in the range 20mJcm -2 -100mJcm
Submerged arc welding (SAW) of stainless steel to carbon steel plate can produce a number of quality problems. Lack of control of the consumable wire position within the weld preparation can lead to uneven dilution from the parent plates. In addition a relatively heavy but equal dilution from both parent plates will also create problems. In the situation of SAW of duplex stainless steel to carbon steel with a Y weld preparation, which had a 4 mm nose on it, an undesirable situation was created, in which hard zones in the weld metal were observed. In addition, it was found that a bias of the electrode wire to the carbon steel side of the weld preparation created a situation where excessively high hardness measurements occurred (> 600 HV10). Those specific regions were found to contain martensite, which was positively identified using selected area electron diffraction in a TEM investigation on thin foils taken from the high hardness region. A V weld preparation with central positioning of the consumable resulted in acceptable hardness levels in the root region combined with a skeletal ferrite microstructure. This allowed the dilution in the root area to be reduced, whilst achieving a balanced parent plate dilution in the remainder of the weld from the SAW process
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