There was no significant correlation between ETKA and the plasma levels of the examined toxins. By removing the guanidino compounds, HD temporarily decreases the inhibition of ETKA, diminishing other metabolic disturbances connected with pentose phosphate cycle.
During the era of so-called 'real' socialism, was underdeveloped in all countries of the then Eastern Bloc [1]. The situation of patients with end-stage renal renal replacement therapy was in a very poor condition in Poland. Here we present data on the influence that disease was slightly better in the former German Democratic Republic [2 ], Hungary, and Czechoslo-the socioeconomic changes in Poland had on the status of dialysis therapy. All data are based on analysis of vakia [1], and much worse in countries such as Romania, Albania [3 ], and the republics of the Soviet annual questionnaires from all dialysis and renal transplant units. During the period 1989-1995, the number Union [1,4]. In Poland, despite many eÂorts of the nephrological society and the National Committee for of dialysis units increased by 39%, the number of stations by 68%, and the number of patients by 136%. Promotion of Nephrology, established in 1984, progress of dialysis facilities was very poor [5]. In 1989 Not only quantitative but also qualitative changes occurred in the introduction of new, modern machines, only 81 dialysis units were in existence, with 560 dialysis stations and 1807 patients (46 per million individualization of dialysis treatment, the start of a peritoneal dialysis programme, and an increasing inhabitants compared with 162.8 in countries reporting to the EDTA Registry [1 ]). This form of therapy took number of patients on erythropoietin therapy. Also, broader criteria for the admission of patients with a turn for the better after the beginning of socioeconomic changes in the early 90s. The aim of this study is secondary nephropathies (especially diabetes) and aged people were adopted. The gross mortality rate to document the present and future status of dialysis therapy in Poland. (9.5-10.5%) during the period of observation was satisfactory and comparable with that of western European countries. Progress was the result of the outcome (change of the treatment mode, transplantation, death). In addition, queries concerning problems and needs Key words: renal failure; haemodialysis; peritoneal of dialysis units were included. Completed questionnaires were obtained (in some cases after special enquiry) from dialysis; development. 100% of the institutions. Analysis of these survey forms is the basis for the 'Annual Reports on the Renal Replacement Therapy in Poland' [5]. All data shown in the present report concern results obtained during the period 1989-1995. Introduction It is widely known that during the era of so-called Results 'real' socialism before 1989 renal replacement therapy The number of dialysis units, stations, and patients in
Thirty patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) were studied. Plasma chemotactic activity was estimated using the "under agarose" chemotaxis assay during the first 2 h of HD. It was found that in the fifth minute of HD, patients' plasma became chemotactic, reaching the maximum activity at the tenth minute. The chemotactic activity appearance correlated significantly with the decline in the number of the peripheral neutrophils. Patients' neutrophils, after a single passage through the cellophane coil of the dialyzer, revealed significant impairment of directed migration toward both complementary and bacterial chemoattractants. Moreover, the chemotactic properties of neutrophils obtained from dialyzed patients before HD were significantly lower than had been estimated in 15 nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. The results confirm HD-induced complement activation and might explain the mechanisms of the increased susceptibility of dialyzed patients to bacterial infections.
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